Cistus salviifolius

Cistus salviifolius
File:Cistus April 2008-1.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Malvales
Family:	Cistaceae
Genus:	Cistus
Species:	C. salviifolius
Binomial name
Cistus salviifolius L.

Cistus salviifolius, common names sage-leaved rock-rose, salvia cistus or Gallipoli rose, is a perennial ligneous plant of the family Cistaceae.

Etymology

The genus name Cistus derives from the Ancient Greek words κίσϑος (kisthos) meaning basket, while the species name salviifolius refers the wrinkled leaves similar to those of the sage.

Description

Cistus salviifolius has spreading stems covered by clumpy hairs. This bushy shrub reaches on average 30–60 centimetres (12–24 in) in height, with a maximum of 100 centimetres (39 in). The oval-shaped green leaves are 1 to 4 centimeters long, opposite, reticulate, tomentose on both sides, with a short petiole (2–4 mm).

The inflorescence holds one or more round flowers, long-stalked, arranged at the leaf axils. The five white petals have a yellow spot at the base, forming a corolla 4–6 cm in diameter. The stamens are also yellow and the anthers shed abundant yellow pollen. This plant is pollinated by insects entomophily, especially bees. The flowering period extends from April through May. The fruit is a pentagonal capsule, 5–7 mm long.

Gallery

• Cistus salviifolius 5.JPG

  Plants of Cistus salviifolius

• Cistaceae - Cistus salviifolius-1.JPG

  Close-up on a flower of Cistus salviifolius

• Cistusfruits.jpg

  Fruits of Cistus salviifolius

• Cistus salviifolius fruit Corse.jpg

  Close-up on a fruit of Cistus salviifolius

• Cistaceae - Cistus salviifolius.JPG

  Leaves of Cistus salviifolius

Cultivation

Cistus salviifolius cultivated in the nursery industry, and grown in gardens and public landscapes, often for its drought-tolerant and pollinator habitat attributes.

Distribution

This showy wildflower is native to the Mediterranean region, in southern Europe and parts of Western Asia and North Africa.

Habitat

This plant prefers dry hills, scrubs and open woodlands, at an altitude of 0–1,200 metres (0–3,937 ft) above sea level. It grows very quickly after a fire.

Synonyms

Cistus macrocalyx Sennen & Pau Cistus paui Sennen Cistus salomonis Sennen & Malag. Cistus salviifolius [β] macrocalyx Willk. Cistus salviifolius [1] brevipedunculatus Willk. Cistus salviifolius [2] longipedunculatus Willk. Cistus salviifolius [alfa] vulgaris Willk. Cistus salviifolius [delta] biflorus Willk. Cistus salviifolius [epsilon] cymosus Willk.

Cistus salviifolius [gamma] grandifolius Willk. Cistus salviifolius var. fissipetalus Sennen Cistus salviifolius var. occidentalis Rouy & Foucaud Cistus salviifolius var. rierae Sennen Cistus salviifolius var. schizocalyx Sennen Cistus salviifolius L. Ledonia peduncularis var. salviifolia (L.) Spach Ledonia peduncularis Spach

Chemistry

Cistus salviifolius contains flavan-3ols, oligomeric proanthocyanidins and prodelphinidins such as epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-hydroxybenzoate), epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin -3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-(4β→6)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, 1-O-β-d -(6′-O-galloyl)-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzene, epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, 1-O-β-d- glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzene and rhododendrin (betuloside). It also contains ellagitannins of the punicalagin type.

External links

• Jepson Manual Treatment - Cistus salviifolius

• Acta Plantarum
• Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. Vol. II, pag. 122
• Synonyms in Anthos
• Antioxidant oligomeric proanthocyanidins from Cistus salvifolius. Fadi Qa’dan, Frank Petereit, Kenza Mansoor and Adolf Nahrstedt, Natural Product Research, Volume 20, Issue 13, 2006, pages 1216-1224, doi:10.1080/14786410600899225
• Flavan-3-ols, prodelphinidins and further polyphenols from Cistus salvifolius. Andreas Danne, Frank Petereit and Adolf Nahrstedt, Phytochemistry, Volume 37, Issue 2, 1994, Pages 533–538, doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)85094-1
• Simultaneous LC-DAD and LC-MS Determination of Ellagitannins, Flavonoid Glycosides, and Acyl-Glycosyl Flavonoids in Cistus salvifolius L. Leaves. E. Saracini, M. Tattini, M. L. Traversi, F. F. Vincieri and P. Pinelli, Chromatographia, Volume 62, Numbers 5-6, pages 245-249, doi:10.1365/s10337-005-0623-7