List of Mongol rulers



This is a list of Mongol rulers. The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.
Contents
- 1 Khamag Mongol (1120s–1206)
- 2 Mongol Empire (1206–1368)
- 3 Al-Adil Kitbugha-Sultan of Mamluk Sultanate (1294–1296)
- 4 Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)
- 5 Genghisid Setsen Khans of Eastern Mongolia (1627–1922)
- 6 Oirats
- 7 Bogd Khaanate
- 8 References
- 9 See also
Khamag Mongol (1120s–1206)
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- Khabul Khan[1]
- Ambaghai Khan
- Hotula Khan
- Yesugei (de facto)
- Genghis Khan
Mongol Empire (1206–1368)
Great Khans and Yuan dynasty
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With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who were considered as Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi (Chinese emperor) for native Chinese.
- Genghis Khan (1206–1227)
- Tolui Khan (as Regent) (1227–1229)
- Ögedei Khan (1229–1241)
- Töregene Khatun (as Regent) (1243–1246)
- Güyük Khan (1246–1248)
- Oghul Qaimish (as Regent) (1248–1251)
- Möngke Khan (1251–1259)
- Ariq Böke (1259–1264)
- Kublai Khan (1260–1294) - Khagan title: Setsen; Temple name: Shizu (1271–1294) Era name: Zhiyuan (至元) (1264–1294)
- Temür Khan - Khagan title: Öljeitu; Temple name: Chengzong - (1294–1307); Era names: Yuanzhen (元貞) (1295–1297); Dade (大德) (1297–1307)
- Külüg Khan - Khagan title: Khülük; Temple name: Wuzong - (1308–1311); Era name: Zhida (至大) (1308–1311)
- Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan - Temple name: Renzong - (1311–1320); Era names: Huangqing (皇慶) (1312–1313); Yanyou (延祐) (1314–1320)
- Gegeen Khan - Khagan title: Gegeen; Temple name: Yingzong - (1321–1323); Era name: Zhizhi (至治) (1321–1323)
- Yesün-Temür - Temple name: Taiding Di - (1323–1328); Era names: Taiding (泰定) (1321–1328); Zhihe (致和) 1328
- Ragibagh Khan - Temple name: Tianshun Di; Era name: Tianshun (天順) (1328)
- Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür - Khagan title: Jayaaatu; Temple name: Wenzong - (1328–1329 / 1329–1332); Era names: Tianli (天歷) (1328–1330); Zhishun (至順) (1330–1332)
- Khutughtu Khan Kusala - Khagan title: Khutughtu; Temple name: Mingzong; Era name: Tianli (天歷) (1329)
- Rinchinbal Khan - Temple name: Ningzong; Era name: Zhishun (至順) (1332)
- Toghon Temür - Khagan title: Ukhaantu; Temple name: Huizong ; Shundi - (1333–1370); Era names: Zhishun (至順) (1333); Yuantong (元統) (1333–1335); Zhiyuan (至元) (1335–1340); Zhizheng (至正) (1341–1368); Zhiyuan (至元) 1368–1370
Golden Horde
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- Batu Khan (1227–1255)
- Sartaq (1255–56)
- Ulaghchi (1257)
- Berke (1257–1266)
- Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
- Tuda Mengu (1282—1287)
- Talabuga (1287—1291)
- Toqta (1291—1312)
- Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
- Tini Beg (1341–1342)
- Jani Beg (1342—1357)
- Berdi Beg (1357—1361)
- Qulpa (1359–1360)
- Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
- Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
- Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai
- Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai
- Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
- Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
- Tulun Beg Khanum (as regent) (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai
- Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
- Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
- Freky Aziz Reffelruz (1378–1380)
- Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
- Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu
- Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
- Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
- Temür (1410–1412)
- Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)
- Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414)
- Karimberdi
- Kebeg
- Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
- Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
- Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
- Baraq (1422–1427)
- Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
- Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459)
- Mahmud (1459–1465)
- Ahmed (1465–1481)
- Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
- Murtada (1498–1499)
Left wing (White Horde)
- Orda (1226–1251)
- Qun Quran (1251–c.1280)
- Köchü (c.1280–1302)
- Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
- Sasibuqa (1309–1315)
- Ilbasan (1315–1320)
- Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344)
- Chimtay (1344–1374)
- Urus (1374–1376)
- Toqtaqiya (1376)
- Timur-Malik (1377)
- Tokhtamysh (1377–1378)
- Koiruchik (1378–1399)
- Baraq (1423–1428)
- Muhammed (1428–1431)
- Mustafa (1431–1446)
This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids in 1446.
Right wing (Blue Horde)
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.
- Batu Khan (1227–1255)
- Sartaq (1255–56)
- Ulaghchi (1257)
- Berke (1257–1266)
- Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
- Tuda Mengu (1282—1287)
- Talabuga (1287—1291)
- Toqta (1291—1312)
- Öz Beg Khan (1312–1341)
- Tini Beg (1341–1342)
- Jani Beg (1342—1357)
- Berdi Beg (1357—1361)
- Qulpa (1359–1360)
- Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
- Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
Great Horde (1466–1502)
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Ilkhanate
- Hülëgü (1256–1265)
- Abaqa (1265–1282)
- Tekuder (1282–1284)
- Arghun (1284–1291)
- Gaykhatu (1291–1295)
- Baydu (1295)
- Ghazan (1295–1304)
- Öljaitü (1304–1316)
- Abu Sa'id (1316–1335)
- Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)
After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.
- Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
- Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
- Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet)
- Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341–1343)
- Jahan Temür (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
- Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
- Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)
Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):
- Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
- Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
Chobanids (1335–1357)
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Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
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Injuids (1335–1357)
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Arghun Dynasty (1479?–1599?)
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Chagatai Khanate
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- Chagatai Khan 1226–1242
- Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252
- Yesü Möngke 1246–1252
- Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
- Mubarak Shah 1252–1260
- Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260
- Alghu 1260–1266
- Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
- Baraq 1266–1270
- Negübei 1270–c. 1272
- Buqa Temür c. 1272–1287
- Duwa 1287–1307
- Könchek 1306–1308
- Taliqu 1308–1309
- Kebek 1309 d. 1325
- Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318
- Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325
- Eljigidey 1325–1329
- Duwa Temür 1329–1330
- Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334
- Buzan 1334–1335
- Changshi 1335–1338
- Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with...
- 'Ali-Sultan 1342
- Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343
- Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343–1346
- Danishmendji 1346–1348
The Chagatai Khanate is split into two parts, western and eastern.
Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate)
- Bayan Qulï 1348–1358
- Shah Temür 1358
- Tughlugh Timur (in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363
- Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368
- Adil-Sultan 1363
- Khabul Shah 1364–1370
From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
- Suurgatmish 1370–1388
- Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1402
Kara Del (1383–1513)
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Al-Adil Kitbugha-Sultan of Mamluk Sultanate (1294–1296)
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Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)
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Khans or Khagans of the Mongolia-based Northern Yuan dynasty:
- Toghon Temür (1368–1370)
- Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378)
- Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388)
- Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1392)?
- Engke Khan (?–1392)
- Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1392–1399)
- Gün Temür Khan (1400–1402)
- Örüg Temür Khan (Guilichi) - non-chingisid
- Öljei Temür Khan (Bunyashiri) (1403–1412)
- Delbeg Khan (Dalbag) (1415)
- Oyiradai (1415–1425)
- Adai Khan (1425–1438)
- Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452)
- Agbarjin (1453)
- Esen taishi - the leader of the Oirats (1453–1454)
- Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
- Molon Khan (1465–1466)
- Manduul Khan (1475–1478)
- Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) (1478–1516)
- Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy)
- Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547)
- Daraisung Guden Khan (1547–1557)
- Tümen Jasagtu Khan (1557–1592)
- Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1603)
- Ligdan Khan (1604–1634)
- Ejei Khan (1634–1635)
Genghisid Setsen Khans of Eastern Mongolia (1627–1922)
Ancestry of Navaanneren (previous Setsen Khans):
- - Batmunkh Dayan Khaan /1464–1543/, 29th Great Khan and descendant of Genghis Khan (1162–1227) through Kubilai Khan.
- - Gersenz Jalair Khuntaij /1513–1549/, youngest son of Dayan Khan through Queen Samar Ghailu (also called Jimsgene Khatan).
- - Amindural /1550/, fourth son of Gersenz, ruled northern Kerulen river area.
- - Morbuim Taij, son of Amindural.
- - Khar Zagal /until 1627/, son of Morbuim, ruled until 1627.
- 1. Sholoi /1627–1652/, son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
- 2. Babu /1652–1683/, fifth son of Sholoi.
- 3. Norov /1683–1701/, third son of Babu.
- 4. Ravdan /1688/
- 5. Omokhei /Sonomdorj/ /1701–1709/, was only 10 years old in 1701, so was brought up under the tutelage of Namjil Erdene Taij, a grandson of Sholoi.
- 6. Gunchin /1709–1728/, eldest son of Omokhei.
- 7. Tsevdenbainjuur /1728–1733/, eldest son of Gunchin.
- 8. Choijav /1733–1735/, grandson of Norov.
- 9. Damiran/1735–1751/, second son of Gunchin.
- 10. Manibadar /1751–1767/, eldest son of Damiran.
- 11. Tsevdenjav /1767–1788/, second son of Damiran.
- 12. Tseveendorj /1788–1795/, eldest son of Tsevdenjav.
- 13. Puntsagdorj /1795/, only son of Tseveendorj.
- 14. Sanzaidorj /1796–1800/, second generation grandson of Choijav.
- 15. Mahashiri /1800–1807/, paternal uncle of Puntsagdorj.
- 16. Enkhtor /1807–1816/, son of Mahashiri.
- 17. Artased/1817–1874/, son of Enkhtor.
- 18. Tserendorj /1874–1893/, son of Artased.
- 19. Demchigdorj /1893–1909/, eldest son of Tserendorj.
- 20. Navaanneren /1910–1922/, eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.
Oirats
Four Oirat (1399–1634)
- Ugetchi Khashikha (c. 1399)
- Batula (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
- Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
- Esen (1438–1454)
- Amasanj (1454–1455)
- Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
- Khishig urlugh
- Arkhan chingsang
Dzungar Khanate
- Khara Khula (d. 1634)
- Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653)
- Sengge (1653–1670)
- Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1670–1697)
- Tsewang Arabtan (1694–1727)
- Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745)
- Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749)
- Lamdarja (1749–1752)
- Dawachi (1752–1755)
Khans of Khoshut Khanate
- Güshi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
- Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
- Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
- Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)
Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)
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Torghud khans of Kalmyk Khanate
- Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
- Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
- Puntsuk (1661–1669)
- Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
- Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
- Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
- Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
- Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)
Bogd Khaanate
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- Bogd Khan (r. 1911–19, 1921-24) - Era name: Olnoo Örgögdsön[2] (1911–1924); (the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu) - Tibetan Spiritual head of Mongolian's Geluk Sect.
References
Citations
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Sources
- Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross - The Tarikh-i-rashidi
- Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
- Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907-1368
- William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov - Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
See also
- History of Mongolia
- Yuan dynasty family tree
- List of Mongol states
- List of heads of state of Mongolia
- List of Mongol khatuns
- Borjigin
- Choros
- Khoshuud
- ↑ Weiers 1986: 505
- ↑ Alan J.K Sanders, Historical Dictionary of Mongolia: Second Edition, (2003), Scarecrow Press, Inc. p.413. ISBN 0810866013