List of members of the Swiss Federal Council
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The seven members of the Swiss Federal Council (German: Schweizerischer Bundesrat; French: Conseil fédéral suisse; Italian: Consiglio federale svizzero; Romansh: Cussegl federal svizzer) constitute the federal government of Switzerland and serve as the country's head of state. Each of the seven Councillors heads a department of the Swiss federal administration.[1]
The members of the Federal Council are elected for a term of four years by both chambers of the federal parliament sitting together as the Federal Assembly. Each Councillor is elected individually by secret ballot by an absolute majority of votes. A person elected to the Council by the Federal Assembly is considered a Federal Councillor even if he or she declines the election.[2] Accordingly, the five persons who did so and never assumed office are listed in a separate table below. For the same reason, the principal table only records the date of election, and not the date on which the Councillors assumed their office.
Once elected for a four-year-term, Federal Councillors can neither be voted out of office by a motion of no confidence nor can they be impeached. Re-election is possible for an indefinite number of terms. Parliament has decided not to re-elect a sitting Councillor only four times, and only twice (in 2003 and 2007) since the beginning of the 20th century. In practice, therefore, Councillors serve until they decide to resign and retire to private life, usually after three to five terms of office.[3]
Members
№ | Name | Portrait | Canton[4] | Election | Left office | Department headed[5] | Party | Presidency | Notes | Seq[6] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jonas Furrer | ![]() |
ZH | 16 November 1848 | 25 July 1861 | Foreign affairs,[7] Justice | FDP/PRD | 1848–49 1852 1855 1858 |
Died in office | A01 |
2 | Ulrich Ochsenbein | ![]() |
BE | 16 November 1848 | 6 December 1854 | Defence | FDP/PRD | — | Not re-elected[8] | B01 |
3 | Henri Druey | ![]() |
VD | 16 November 1848 | 29 March 1855 | Justice, Foreign affairs,[7] Finance | FDP/PRD | 1850 | Died in office | C01 |
4 | Josef Munzinger | ![]() |
SO | 16 November 1848 | 6 February 1855 | Finance, Foreign affairs,[7] Posts and Construction, Trade and Customs |
FDP/PRD | 1851 | Died in office | D01 |
5 | Stefano Franscini | ![]() |
TI | 16 November 1848 | 19 July 1857 | Home affairs | FDP/PRD | — | Died in office | E01 |
6 | Friedrich Frey-Herosé | ![]() |
AG | 16 November 1848 | 31 December 1866 | Trade and Customs, Foreign affairs,[7] Defence |
FDP/PRD | 1854 1860 |
F01 | |
7 | Wilhelm Matthias Naeff | ![]() |
SG | 16 November 1848 | 31 December 1875 | Posts and Construction, Foreign affairs,[7] Trade and Customs, Posts, Finance, Railway and Trade |
FDP/PRD | 1853 | G01 | |
8 | Jakob Stämpfli | ![]() |
BE | 6 December 1854 | 31 December 1863 | Justice, Foreign affairs,[7] Finance, Defence |
FDP/PRD | 1856 1859 1862 |
B02 | |
9 | Constant Fornerod | ![]() |
VD | 11 July 1855 | 31 October 1867 | Trade and Customs, Foreign affairs,[7] Finance, Defence |
FDP/PRD | 1857 1863 1867 |
C02 | |
10 | Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel | ![]() |
LU | 14 July 1855 | 31 December 1875 | Finance, Trade and Customs, Justice, Foreign affairs,[7] Home affairs |
FDP/PRD | 1861 1866 |
Elected after Johann Jakob Stehlin declined the election | D02 |
11 | Giovanni Battista Pioda | ![]() |
TI | 30 July 1857 | 26 January 1864 | Home affairs | FDP/PRD | — | E02 | |
12 | Jakob Dubs | ![]() |
ZH | 30 July 1861 | 28 May 1872 | Justice, Foreign affairs,[7] Home affairs, Posts |
FDP/PRD | 1864 1868 1870 |
A02 | |
13 | Karl Schenk | ![]() |
BE | 12 December 1863 | 18 July 1895 | Home affairs, Finance, Railway and Trade |
FDP/PRD | 1865 1871 1874 1878 1885 1893 |
Died in office | B03 |
14 | Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel | ![]() |
GE | 12 July 1864 | 7 December 1872 | Finance, Posts | FDP/PRD | — | Not re-elected[9] | E03 |
15 | Emil Welti | ![]() |
AG | 8 December 1866 | 31 December 1891 | Defence, Trade and Customs, Posts and Telegraph, Posts and Railways, Justice |
FDP/PRD | 1869 1872 1876 1880 1884 1891 |
F02 | |
16 | Victor Ruffy | ![]() |
VD | 6 December 1867 | 29 December 1869 | Finance, Defence | FDP/PRD | — | Died in office | C03 |
17 | Paul Cérésole | ![]() |
VD | 1 February 1870 | 31 December 1875 | Finance, Defence, Foreign affairs,[7] Justice |
FDP/PRD | 1873 | C04 | |
18 | Johann Jakob Scherer | ![]() |
ZH | 12 July 1872 | 23 December 1878 | Finance, Railway and Trade, Foreign affairs,[7] Defence |
FDP/PRD | 1875 | Died in office | A03 |
19 | Eugène Borel | ![]() |
NE | 7 December 1872 | 31 December 1875 | Posts and Telegraph | FDP/PRD | — | E04 | |
20 | Joachim Heer | ![]() |
GL | 10 December 1875 | 31 December 1878 | Posts and Telegraph, Foreign affairs,[7] Railway and Trade |
FDP/PRD | 1877 | D03 | |
21 | Fridolin Anderwert | ![]() |
TG | 10 December 1875 | 25 December 1880 | Justice | FDP/PRD | — | Died in office (committed suicide)[10] |
G02 |
22 | Bernhard Hammer | ![]() |
SO | 10 December 1875 | 31 December 1890 | Finance, Defence | FDP/PRD | 1879 1889 |
E05 | |
23 | Numa Droz | ![]() |
NE | 18 December 1875 | 18 December 1892 | Home affairs, Trade and Agriculture, Foreign affairs |
FDP/PRD | 1881 1887 |
Elected after Louis Ruchonnet and Charles Estoppey declined the election. | C05 |
24 | Simeon Bavier | ![]() |
GR | 10 December 1878 | 5 January 1883 | Finance, Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs[7] | FDP/PRD | 1882 | D04 | |
25 | Wilhelm Hertenstein | ![]() |
ZH | 21 March 1879 | 27 November 1888 | Defence | FDP/PRD | 1888 | Died in office | A04 |
26 | Louis Ruchonnet | ![]() |
VD | 3 March 1881 | 14 September 1893 | Economic affairs, Justice, Foreign affairs[7] | FDP/PRD | 1883 1890 |
Elected after Karl Hoffmann declined his election. Died in office | G03 |
27 | Adolf Deucher | ![]() |
TG | 10 April 1883 | 10 July 1912 | Justice, Posts and Railways, Economic affairs, Foreign affairs[7] | FDP/PRD | 1886 1897 1903 1909 |
Died in office | D05 |
28 | Walter Hauser | ![]() |
ZH | 13 December 1888 | 22 October 1902 | Defence, Finance, Foreign affairs[7] | FDP/PRD | 1892 1900 |
Died in office | A05 |
29 | Emil Frey | ![]() |
BL | 11 December 1890 | 11 March 1897 | Defence | FDP/PRD | 1894 | E06 | |
30 | Josef Zemp | ![]() |
LU | 17 December 1891 | 17 June 1908 | Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs[7] | CVP/PDC | 1895 1902 |
F03 | |
31 | Adrien Lachenal | ![]() |
GE | 15 December 1892 | 31 December 1899 | Foreign affairs, Economic affairs, Home affairs | FDP/PRD | 1896 | C06 | |
32 | Eugène Ruffy | ![]() |
VD | 14 December 1893 | 31 October 1899 | Justice, Home affairs, Foreign affairs,[7] Defence |
FDP/PRD | 1898 | G04 | |
33 | Eduard Müller | ![]() |
BE | 16 August 1895 | 9 November 1919 | Justice, Defence, Foreign affairs[7] |
FDP/PRD | 1899 1907 1913 |
Died in office | B04 |
34 | Ernst Brenner | ![]() |
BS | 25 March 1897 | 11 March 1911 | Justice, Foreign affairs[7] | FDP/PRD | 1901 1908 |
Died in office | E07 |
35 | Robert Comtesse | ![]() |
NE | 14 December 1899 | 4 March 1912 | Finance, Justice, Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs[7] |
FDP/PRD | 1904 1910 |
C07 | |
36 | Marc-Emile Ruchet | ![]() |
VD | 14 December 1899 | 9 July 1912 | Home affairs, Finance, Foreign affairs[7] |
FDP/PRD | 1905 1911 |
G05 | |
37 | Ludwig Forrer | ![]() |
ZH | 11 December 1902 | 7 December 1917 | Economic affairs, Home affairs, Foreign affairs,[7] Defence, Justice, Posts and Railways | FDP/PRD | 1906 1912 |
A06 | |
38 | Josef Anton Schobinger | ![]() |
LU | 17 June 1908 | 27 November 1911 | Justice, Economic affairs, Finance, Home affairs | CVP/PDC | — | F04 | |
39 | Arthur Hoffmann | ![]() |
SG | 4 April 1911 | 19 June 1917 | Justice, Defence, Foreign affairs |
FDP/PRD | 1914 | E08 | |
40 | Giuseppe Motta | ![]() |
TI | 14 December 1911 | 23 January 1940 | Finance, Foreign affairs | CVP/PDC | 1915 1920 1927 1932 1937 |
F05 | |
41 | Louis Perrier | ![]() |
NE | 12 March 1912 | 16 May 1913 | Posts and Railways, Home affairs | FDP/PRD | — | C08 | |
42 | Camille Decoppet | ![]() |
VD | 17 July 1912 | 7 November 1919 | Home affairs, Justice, Defence | FDP/PRD | 1916 | G06 | |
43 | Edmund Schulthess | ![]() |
AG | 17 July 1912 | 15 April 1935 | Economic affairs, Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 1917 1921 1928 1933 |
D06 | |
44 | Felix Calonder | ![]() |
GR | 12 June 1913 | 12 February 1920 | Home affairs, Foreign affairs[7] | FDP/PRD | 1918 | C09 | |
45 | Gustave Ador | ![]() |
GE | 26 June 1917 | 31 December 1919 | Foreign affairs, Home affairs | LPS/PLS | 1919 | E09 | |
46 | Robert Haab | ![]() |
ZH | 13 December 1917 | 31 December 1929 | Posts and Railways | FDP/PRD | 1922 1929 |
A07 | |
47 | Karl Scheurer | ![]() |
BE | 11 December 1919 | 14 November 1929 | Defence | FDP/PRD | 1923 | Died in office | B05 |
48 | Ernest Chuard | ![]() |
VD | 11 December 1919 | 31 December 1928 | Home affairs | FDP/PRD | 1924 | G07 | |
49 | Jean-Marie Musy | ![]() |
FR | 11 December 1919 | 30 April 1934 | Finance | CVP/PDC | 1925 1930 |
E10 | |
50 | Heinrich Häberlin | ![]() |
TG | 12 February 1920 | 12 March 1934 | Justice | FDP/PRD | 1926 1931 |
C10 | |
51 | Marcel Pilet-Golaz | ![]() |
VD | 13 December 1928 | 7 November 1944 | Home affairs, Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs |
FDP/PRD | 1934 1940 |
G08 | |
52 | Rudolf Minger | ![]() |
BE | 12 December 1929 | 31 December 1940 | Defence | SVP/UDC | 1935 | B06 | |
53 | Albert Meyer | ![]() |
ZH | 12 December 1929 | 31 December 1938 | Home affairs, Finance | FDP/PRD | 1936 | A08 | |
54 | Johannes Baumann | ![]() |
AR | 22 March 1934 | 31 December 1940 | Justice | FDP/PRD | 1938 | C11 | |
55 | Philipp Etter | ![]() |
ZG | 28 March 1934 | 19 November 1959 | Home affairs | CVP/PDC | 1939 1942 1947 1953 |
E11 | |
56 | Hermann Obrecht | ![]() |
SO | 4 April 1935 | 20 June 1940 | Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | — | D07 | |
57 | Ernst Wetter | ![]() |
ZH | 15 December 1938 | 31 December 1943 | Finance | FDP/PRD | 1941 | A09 | |
58 | Enrico Celio | ![]() |
TI | 22 February 1940 | 23 June 1950 | Posts and Railways | CVP/PDC | 1943 1948 |
F06 | |
59 | Walther Stampfli | ![]() |
SO | 18 July 1940 | 18 November 1947 | Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 1944 | D08 | |
60 | Eduard von Steiger | ![]() |
BE | 10 December 1940 | 9 November 1951 | Justice | SVP/UDC | 1945 1951 |
B07 | |
61 | Karl Kobelt | ![]() |
SG | 10 December 1940 | 5 November 1954 | Defence | FDP/PRD | 1946 1952 |
C12 | |
62 | Ernst Nobs | ![]() |
ZH | 15 December 1943 | 13 November 1951 | Finance | SPS/PSS | 1949 | A10 | |
63 | Max Petitpierre | ![]() |
NE | 14 December 1944 | 30 June 1961 | Foreign affairs | FDP/PRD | 1950 1955 1960 |
G09 | |
64 | Rodolphe Rubattel | ![]() |
VD | 11 December 1947 | 1 November 1954 | Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 1954 | D09 | |
65 | Josef Escher | ![]() |
VS | 14 September 1950 | 26 November 1954 | Posts and Railways | CVP/PDC | — | F07 | |
66 | Markus Feldmann | ![]() |
BE | 13 December 1951 | 3 November 1958 | Justice | SVP/UDC | 1956 | B08 | |
67 | Max Weber | ![]() |
ZH | 13 December 1951 | 8 December 1953 | Finance | SPS/PSS | — | A11 | |
68 | Hans Streuli | ![]() |
ZH | 22 December 1953 | 19 November 1959 | Finance | FDP/PRD | 1957 | A12 | |
69 | Thomas Holenstein | ![]() |
SG | 16 December 1954 | 20 November 1959 | Economic affairs | CVP/PDC | 1958 | F08 | |
70 | Paul Chaudet | ![]() |
VD | 16 December 1954 | 28 November 1966 | Defence | FDP/PRD | 1959 1962 |
D10 | |
71 | Giuseppe Lepori | ![]() |
TI | 16 December 1954 | 24 November 1959 | Posts and Railways | CVP/PDC | — | C13 | |
72 | Friedrich Traugott Wahlen | ![]() |
BE | 11 December 1958 | 31 December 1965 | Justice, Economic affairs, Foreign affairs |
SVP/UDC | 1961 | B09 | |
73 | Jean Bourgknecht | ![]() |
FR | 17 December 1959 | 3 September 1962 | Finance | CVP/PDC | — | E12 | |
74 | Willy Spühler | ![]() |
ZH | 17 December 1959 | 31 January 1970 | Posts and Railways, Transport, Energy, Communications, Foreign affairs |
SPS/PSS | 1963 1968 |
A13 | |
75 | Ludwig von Moos | ![]() |
OW | 17 December 1959 | 31 December 1971 | Justice | CVP/PDC | 1964 1969 |
F09 | |
76 | Hans-Peter Tschudi | ![]() |
BS | 17 December 1959 | 31 December 1973 | Home affairs | SPS/PSS | 1965 1970 |
C14 | |
77 | Hans Schaffner | ![]() |
AG | 15 June 1961 | 31 December 1969 | Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 1966 | G10 | |
78 | Roger Bonvin | ![]() |
VS | 27 September 1962 | 31 December 1973 | Finance, Transport, Energy, Communications |
CVP/PDC | 1967 1973 |
E13 | |
79 | Rudolf Gnägi | ![]() |
BE | 8 December 1965 | 31 December 1979 | Transport, Energy, Communications, Defence |
SVP/UDC | 1971 1976 |
B10 | |
80 | Nello Celio | ![]() |
TI | 15 December 1966 | 31 December 1973 | Defence, Finance | FDP/PRD | 1972 | D11 | |
81 | Pierre Graber | ![]() |
NE | 10 December 1969 | 31 January 1978 | Foreign affairs | SPS/PSS | 1975 | A14 | |
82 | Ernst Brugger | ![]() |
ZH | 10 December 1969 | 31 January 1978 | Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 1974 | G11 | |
83 | Kurt Furgler | ![]() |
SG | 8 December 1971 | 31 December 1986 | Justice, Economic affairs | CVP/PDC | 1977 1981 1985 |
F10 | |
84 | Willi Ritschard | ![]() |
SO | 5 December 1973 | 3 October 1983 | Transport, Energy, Communications, Finance |
SPS/PSS | 1978 | Died in office | C15 |
85 | Hans Hürlimann | ![]() |
ZG | 5 December 1973 | 31 December 1982 | Home affairs | CVP/PDC | 1979 | E14 | |
86 | Georges-André Chevallaz | ![]() |
VD | 5 December 1973 | 31 December 1983 | Finance, Defence | FDP/PRD | 1980 | D12 | |
87 | Fritz Honegger | ![]() |
ZH | 7 December 1977 | 31 December 1982 | Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 1982 | G12 | |
88 | Pierre Aubert | ![]() |
NE | 7 December 1977 | 31 December 1987 | Foreign affairs | SPS/PSS | 1983 1987 |
A15 | |
89 | Leon Schlumpf | ![]() |
GR | 5 December 1979 | 31 December 1987 | Transport, Energy, Communications | SVP/UDC | 1984 | B11 | |
90 | Alphons Egli | ![]() |
LU | 8 December 1982 | 31 December 1986 | Home affairs | CVP/PDC | 1986 | E15 | |
91 | Rudolf Friedrich | ![]() |
ZH | 8 December 1982 | 20 October 1984 | Justice | FDP/PRD | — | G13 | |
92 | Otto Stich | ![]() |
SO | 7 December 1983 | 31 October 1995 | Finance | SPS/PSS | 1988 1994 |
C16 | |
93 | Jean-Pascal Delamuraz | ![]() |
VD | 7 December 1983 | 30 March 1998 | Defence, Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 1989 1996 |
D13 | |
94 | Elisabeth Kopp | ![]() |
ZH | 2 October 1984 | 12 January 1989 | Justice | FDP/PRD | — | G14 | |
95 | Arnold Koller | ![]() |
AI | 10 December 1986 | 13 January 1999 | Justice, Defence | CVP/PDC | 1990 1997 |
F11 | |
96 | Flavio Cotti | ![]() |
TI | 10 December 1986 | 13 January 1999 | Home affairs, Foreign affairs | CVP/PDC | 1991 1998 |
E16 | |
97 | René Felber | ![]() |
NE | 9 December 1987 | 31 March 1993 | Foreign affairs | SPS/PSS | 1992 | A16 | |
98 | Adolf Ogi | ![]() |
BE | 9 December 1987 | 31 December 2000 | Transport, Energy, Communications, Defence |
SVP/UDC | 1993 2000 |
B12 | |
99 | Kaspar Villiger | ![]() |
LU | 1 February 1989 | 31 December 2003 | Defence, Finance | FDP/PRD | 1995 2002 |
G15 | |
100 | Ruth Dreifuss | ![]() |
GE | 10 March 1993 | 31 December 2002 | Home affairs | SPS/PSS | 1999 | Elected after Francis Matthey declined the election. | A17 |
101 | Moritz Leuenberger | ![]() |
ZH | 27 September 1995 | 1 November 2010 | Transport, Energy, Communications | SPS/PSS | 2001 2006 |
C17 | |
102 | Pascal Couchepin | ![]() |
VS | 11 March 1998 | 31 October 2009 | Economic affairs, Home affairs | FDP/PRD | 2003 2008 |
D14 | |
103 | Ruth Metzler-Arnold | ![]() |
AI | 11 March 1999 | 31 December 2003 | Justice | CVP/PDC | — | Not re-elected[11] | F12 |
104 | Joseph Deiss | ![]() |
FR | 11 March 1999 | 31 July 2006 | Foreign affairs, Economic affairs | CVP/PDC | 2004 | E17 | |
105 | Samuel Schmid | ![]() |
BE | 6 December 2000 | 31 December 2008[12] | Defence | BDP | 2005 | Elected for SVP/UDC | B13 |
106 | Micheline Calmy-Rey | ![]() |
GE | 4 December 2002 | 31 December 2011 | Foreign affairs | SPS/PSS | 2007 2011 |
A18 | |
107 | Christoph Blocher | ![]() |
ZH | 10 December 2003 | 31 December 2007 | Justice | SVP/UDC | — | Not re-elected.[13] | F13 |
108 | Hans-Rudolf Merz | ![]() |
AR | 10 December 2003 | 1 November 2010 | Finance | FDP/PRD | 2009 | G16 | |
109 | Doris Leuthard | ![]() |
AG | 14 June 2006 | Incumbent | Economic Affairs, Transport, Energy, Communications | CVP/PDC | 2010 | E18 | |
110 | Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf | ![]() |
GR | 12 December 2007 | 31 December 2015 | Justice, Finance | BDP | 2012 | Initially elected for SVP/UDC | F14 |
111 | Ueli Maurer | ![]() |
ZH | 10 December 2008 | Incumbent | Defence, Finance | SVP/UDC | 2013 | B14 | |
112 | Didier Burkhalter | ![]() |
NE | 16 September 2009 | Incumbent | Home affairs, Foreign affairs | FDP/PRD | 2014 | D15 | |
113 | Simonetta Sommaruga | ![]() |
BE | 22 September 2010 | Incumbent | Justice | SPS/PSS | 2015 | C18 | |
114 | Johann Schneider-Ammann | ![]() |
BE | 22 September 2010 | Incumbent | Economic affairs | FDP/PRD | 2016 | G17 | |
115 | Alain Berset | ![]() |
FR | 14 December 2011 | Incumbent | Home affairs | SPS/PSS | — | A19 | |
116 | Guy Parmelin | ![]() |
VD | 9 December 2015 | Incumbent | Defence | SVP/UDC | – | F15 |
Legend:
Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD) after 1894; previously a more or less coherent group of Liberals, Radicals and Democrats[14]
Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC)
Liberal Party (LPS/PLS)
Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) after 1971; previously Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB/PAI) and associated minor parties
Social Democratic Party (SPS/PSS)
Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD) The Councillors currently serving are indicated with bold type.
Members who declined their election
Five people have declined their election to the Federal Council by the Federal Assembly. Their number here is that of the Federal Councillor in the list above who was later elected in their place.
№ | Name | Canton | Election | Party | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | Johann Jakob Stehlin | BS | 11 July 1855 | FDP/PRD | |
23 | Louis Ruchonnet | VD | 10 December 1875 | FDP/PRD | Later elected as 26th member. |
23 | Charles Estoppey | VD | 18 December 1875 | FDP/PRD | |
26 | Karl Hoffmann | SG | 22 February 1881 | FDP/PRD | |
100 | Francis Matthey | NE | 3 March 1993 | SPS/PSS |
Notes and references
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Members of the Swiss Federal Council. |
- Federal Council in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
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- ↑ Swiss Federal Constitution / Bundesverfassung (BV) / Constitution fédérale (Cst.) / Costituzione federale (Cost.) of 1999-02-07, SR/RS 101 (E·D·F·I), art. 177 (E·D·F·I).
- ↑ This is the prevailing reading of the relevant constitutional provision: Swiss Federal Constitution / Bundesverfassung (BV) / Constitution fédérale (Cst.) / Costituzione federale (Cost.) of 1999-02-07, SR/RS 101 (E·D·F·I), art. 175 (E·D·F·I).
- ↑ Federal Council in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ↑ For the abbreviations, see Data codes for Switzerland: Cantons. Up until 1987, the Federal Chancellery recorded the Councillors' legal place of origin. From 1987 on, the canton in which the Councillors live has been recorded, or, for councillors who were members of the Federal Assembly, the canton whose population they represented.
- ↑ The names of the federal departments have changed over the years. Generic names have been used as much as possible.
- ↑ The sequence number indicates to which of the seven seats (denoted by the letters A to G) the Councillor was elected.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 As President of the Confederation. The department used to be held by councillors during the annually changing office of President of the Confederation.
- ↑ Ulrich Ochsenbein in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ↑ Philippe Chenaux: Jean-Jacques Challet (-Venel) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2003-09-16.
- ↑ Fridolin Anderwert in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ↑ Franz Xaver Bischof: Ruth Metzler (-Arnold) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2007-11-27.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Beginnings of the Free Democratic Party in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.