1886 Charleston earthquake
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| Date | August 31, 1886 |
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| Magnitude | 7.0 Mw [1] |
| Epicenter | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. [1] |
| Type | Unknown |
| Areas affected | South Carolina United States |
| Total damage | $5–6 million [1] |
| Max. intensity | X (Extreme) [1] |
| Casualties | 60 [1] |
The 1886 Charleston earthquake occurred at about 9:50 pm on August 31 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The intraplate earthquake caused 60 deaths and between five and six million dollars in damage to 2,000 buildings in the Southeastern United States. It is one of the most powerful and damaging earthquakes to hit the East Coast of the United States. Very little to no historical earthquake activity had occurred, which is unusual for any seismic area.[2]
Earthquake
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The earthquake is estimated to have been 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale with a Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Sandblows were common throughout the affected area due to liquefaction of the soil. Aftershocks continued to be felt for weeks after the event[3] and minor earthquake activity that still continues in the area today may be a continuation of aftershocks. There were at least sixty fatalities.
It was felt as far away as Boston, Massachusetts to the north, Chicago, Illinois and Milwaukee, Wisconsin to the northwest, as far as New Orleans, Louisiana to the west, as far as Cuba to the south, and as far as Bermuda to the east.[4] It was so severe that outside the immediate area, there was speculation that the Florida peninsula had broken away from North America.[3]
It is a heavily studied example of an intraplate earthquake. It is believed to have occurred on faults formed during the break-up of Pangaea. Similar faults are found all along the east coast of North America. It is thought that such ancient faults remain active from forces exerted on them by present-day motions of the North American Plate. The exact mechanisms of intraplate earthquakes are a subject of much ongoing research.
Damage
Within the city almost all of the buildings sustained damage and most had to be torn down and rebuilt. Wires were cut and the railroad tracks were torn apart, cutting residents off from the outside world and vice versa. The damage was assessed to be between five and six million dollars.
Major damage occurred as far away as Tybee Island, Georgia, (more than 60 miles away) and structural damage was reported several hundred miles from Charleston (including central Alabama, central Ohio, eastern Kentucky, southern Virginia and western West Virginia).
The Old White Meeting House near Summerville, Dorchester County, South Carolina was reduced to ruins.[5]
Aftermath
Earthquake bolts were added to existing unreinforced masonry buildings to add support to the structure without having to demolish the structure due to instability. The bolts pass through the existing masonry walls tying walls on opposite sides of the structure together for stability.
See also
References
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- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- Sources
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External links
- The Charleston Earthquake of 1886 – University of South Carolina
- Historical Earthquakes: Charleston, South Carolina – United States Geological Survey
- Fault Map of South Carolina – South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
- Waring Historical Library 1886 Charleston Earthquake Photo Collection – Lowcountry Digital Library
- Overview of an archival collection on the Charleston earthquake – Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
- Charleston Earthquake, 1886 – University of South Carolina
- Isoseismal map of the earthquake centered near Charleston, South Carolina, on August 31, 1886 – University of California, Santa Cruz
