83rd United States Congress
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The Eighty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1953 to January 3, 1955, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Seventeenth Census of the United States in 1950.
Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
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- January 20, 1953: Dwight Eisenhower became President of the United States
- March 1, 1954: U.S. Capitol shooting incident
- December 2, 1954: Joseph McCarthy is censured by the U.S. Senate
Major legislation
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- July 3, 1953: Small Business Act, Pub.L. 83–163, ch. 282, 67 Stat. 232
- August 7, 1953: Refugee Relief Act, Pub.L. 83–203
- August 7, 1953: Submerged Lands Act, ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462
- August 14, 1953: Public Law 280, Pub.L. 83–280, 18 U.S.C. § 1162
- May 13, 1954: Saint Lawrence Seaway Act, ch. 201, 68 Stat. 92
- August 12, 1954: Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 612
- August 13, 1954: Multiple Mineral Development Act, ch. 730, 68 Stat. 708
- August 16, 1954: Internal Revenue Code of 1954, Pub.L. 83–591, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 3
- Federal Unemployment Tax Act, §1(d), 68A Stat. 439
- National Firearms Act, §1(d), 68A Stat. 721
- August 24, 1954: Communist Control Act of 1954, ch. 886, 68 Stat. 775
- August 30, 1954: Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 68 Stat. 919
- 1954: Agricultural Act of 1954
- 1954: Water Facilities Act of 1954
Key Votes
Senate
Legislation | Party | Yea | Nay |
---|---|---|---|
Formosa Policy | Democrats | 12 | 32 |
January 28, 1955 | Republicans | 1 | 42 |
Rejected | 13 | 74 | |
China Mutual Defense Treaty | Democrats | 9 | 33 |
February 9, 1955 | Republicans | 1 | 27 |
Rejected | 10 | 60 | |
Raising Congressional Salaries | Democrats | 30 | 13 |
February 23, 1955 | Republicans | 32 | 11 |
Passed | 62 | 24 |
House of Representatives
Legislation | Party | Yea | Nay |
---|---|---|---|
Raising Congressional Salaries | Democrats | 166 | 59 |
February 16, 1955 | Republicans | 117 | 59 |
Passed | 283 | 118 | |
Reciprocal Trade Extension | Democrats | 80 | 140 |
February 18, 1955 | Republicans | 119 | 66 |
Rejected | 199 | 206 | |
Reciprocal Trade Extension | Democrats | 186 | 35 |
February 18, 1955 | Republicans | 109 | 75 |
Passed | 295 | 110 | |
Taxation | Democrats | 16 | 205 |
February 25, 1955 | Republicans | 189 | 5 |
Rejected | 205 | 210 |
Party summary
Senate
Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) |
Independent (I) |
Republican (R) |
|||
End of the previous congress | 45 | 0 | 50 | 95 | 1 |
Begin | 47 | 1 | 48 | 96 | 0 |
End | |||||
Final voting share | 49.0% | 1.0% | 50.0% | ||
Beginning of the next congress | 48 | 1 | 47 | 96 | 0 |
House of Representatives
221 Republicans, 213 Democrats, 1 Independent
Total Membership: 435 Representatives, 2 Delegates, 1 Resident Commissioner
Leadership
Senate
- President: Alben W. Barkley (D), until January 20, 1953
- Richard M. Nixon (R), from January 20, 1953
- President pro tempore: Styles Bridges (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Robert A. Taft, until July 31, 1953 (died)
- William F. Knowland, from August 3, 1953
- Majority Whip: Leverett Saltonstall
- Conference Chairman: Eugene Millikin
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Charles A. Halleck
- Majority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
- Conference Chairman: Clifford R. Hope
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Within each state, senators are listed in order of seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.
Senate
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State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina (2) |
Willis Smith (D) | Died June 25, 1953 | Alton Lennon (D) | July 10, 1953 |
New Hampshire (3) |
Charles W. Tobey (R) | Died July 24, 1953 | Robert W. Upton (R) | August 14, 1953 |
Ohio (3) |
Robert A. Taft (R) | Died July 31, 1953. | Thomas A. Burke (D) | November 10, 1953 |
Nebraska (2) |
Dwight Griswold (R) | Died April 12, 1954 | Eva Bowring (R) | April 16, 1954 |
North Carolina (3) |
Clyde R. Hoey (D) | Died May 12, 1954 | Sam Ervin (D) | June 5, 1954 |
Wyoming (2) |
Lester C. Hunt (D) | Died June 19, 1954. | Edward D. Crippa (R) | June 24, 1954 |
Nebraska (1) |
Hugh A. Butler (R) | Died July 1, 1954 | Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | July 3, 1954 |
South Carolina (2) |
Burnet R. Maybank (D) | Died September 1, 1954. | Charles E. Daniel (D) | September 6, 1954 |
Nevada (3) |
Pat McCarran (D) | Died September 28, 1954 | Ernest S. Brown (R) | October 1, 1954 |
Nebraska (1) |
Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | Successor elected November 7, 1954 | Roman Hruska (R) | November 8, 1954 |
Nebraska (2) |
Eva Bowring (R) | Successor elected November 7, 1954 | Hazel Abel (R) | November 8, 1954 |
New Hampshire (3) |
Robert W. Upton (R) | Successor elected November 7, 1954. Lost special election to fill seat. | Norris Cotton (R) | November 8, 1954 |
North Carolina (2) |
Alton Lennon (D) | Successor elected November 28, 1954. Lost special election to fill seat. | W. Kerr Scott (D) | November 29, 1954 |
Wyoming (2) |
Edward D. Crippa (R) | Successor elected November 28, 1954. | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D) | November 29, 1954 |
Nevada (3) |
Ernest S. Brown (R) | Successor elected December 1, 1954. Lost special election to fill seat. | Alan Bible (D) | December 2, 1954 |
Ohio (3) |
Thomas A. Burke (D) | Successor elected December 2, 1954. Lost special election to fill seat. | George H. Bender (R) | December 16, 1954 |
South Carolina (2) |
Charles E. Daniel (D) | Resigned December 23, 1954. | Strom Thurmond (D) | December 24, 1954 |
Nebraska (2) |
Hazel Abel (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954 | Carl Curtis (R) | January 1, 1955 |
House of Representatives
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District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia 2nd | Vacant | Rep. Edward E. Cox died during previous congress | J. L. Pilcher (D) | February 4, 1953 |
Illinois 7th | Vacant | Rep. Adolph J. Sabath died during previous congress | James Bowler (D) | July 7, 1953 |
Virginia 5th | Thomas B. Stanley (D) | resigned February 3, 1953 to run for Governor of Virginia | William M. Tuck (D) | April 14, 1953 |
South Carolina 4th | Joseph R. Bryson (D) | Died March 10, 1953 | Robert T. Ashmore (D) | June 2, 1953 |
Kentucky 2nd | Garrett L. Withers (D) | Died April 30, 1953 | William H. Natcher (D) | August 1, 1953 |
Wisconsin 9th | Merlin Hull (R) | Died May 17, 1953 | Lester Johnson (D) | October 13, 1953 |
California 24th | Norris Poulson (R) | Resigned June 11, 1953 after being elected Mayor of Los Angeles | Glenard P. Lipscomb (R) | November 10, 1953 |
New Jersey 6th | Clifford P. Case (R) | Resigned August 16, 1953 | Harrison A. Williams (D) | November 3, 1953 |
Hawaii Territory At-large | Joseph R. Farrington (R) | Resigned June 19, 1954 | Elizabeth P. Farrington (R) | August 4, 1954 |
New York 8th | Louis B. Heller (D) | Resigned July 21, 1954 after being appointed judge of the Court of Special Sessions of New York City | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Georgia 4th | A. Sidney Camp (D) | Died July 24, 1954 | John J. Flynt, Jr. (D) | November 2, 1954 |
Michigan 3rd | Paul W. Shafer (R) | Died August 17, 1954 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Ohio 15th | Robert T. Secrest (D) | Resigned September 26, 1954 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
New Hampshire 2nd | Norris Cotton (R) | Resigned November 7, 1954 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Nebraska 2nd | Roman Hruska (R) | Resigned November 8, 1954 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Florida 6th | Dwight L. Rogers (D) | Died December 1, 1954 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Ohio 15th | George H. Bender (R) | Resigned December 15, 1954 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Nebraska 1st | Carl Curtis (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
New York 21st | Jacob K. Javits (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954 after being elected New York Attorney General | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn(January 3, 1953-September 30, 1954); J. George Stewart (September 30, 1954-January 3, 1955)
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp
- Clerk: Lyle O. Snader
- Doorkeeper: Tom Kennamer
- Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
- Postmaster: Beecher Hess
- Sergeant at Arms: William F. Russell, died July 7, 1953
- Lyle O. Snader, July 8, 1953 – September 15, 1953
- William R. Bonnell, from September 15, 1953