Aharon Roth
| Aharon Roth | |
|---|---|
| File:Aharon Roth.jpg | |
| Born | 1894 Uzhhorod |
| Died | 1947 Jerusalem |
Aharon Roth or Aaron Rote (אהרן ראטה) known as Reb Arele[1] (born 1894 − died 1947[2]), was a Hungarian Hasidic rebbe and Talmudic scholar. He first established a Hasidic community he called Shomer Emunim (Guardian of Faith) in the 1920s in Satu Mare and in the 1930s in Berehovo, before he settled in Jerusalem, where he also founded a Hasidic community of the same name. His main work is the two-volume Shomer Emunim, written in 1942 in reaction to the news about the Nazi atrocities in Eastern Europe.
After his death, the sect split into two rival groups. One, who adopted the name Shomrei Emunim, followed his son, Rabbi Avrohom Chayim (1924 - 2012), the other followed his son-in-law and became known as Toldot Aharon (Generations of Aharon) of which the Toldot Avrohom Yitzchok later split off.
Contents
Life
Roth was born in Ungvar, Hungary, today Uzhhorod in the Ukraine, an outsider to the Hasidic world.[3] He was unusually pious and ascetic from an early age. Until the age of 20, he studied Talmud in Vác under Yeshayahu Silberstein, a Hungarian scholar, and then with Hasidic rabbis from Galicia, who had fled to Hungary during World War I, including Yissachar Dov Rokeach of Belz and Tzvi Elimelech Spira of Błażowa.[4] On the latter's instruction,[5] Roth establish a hasidic community in Satu Mare, where he settled in 1920, a few years after his marriage. In 1925 he went to Jerusalem, where he also gained supporters, and returned to Satu Mare four years later. In 1936 he went to Berehovo (Beregszász) in Czechoslovakia, after the conflict between him and the followers of Satmar's Hasidic rabbi Joel Teitelbaum had escalated to open physical violence. In 1939 Roth settled in Jerusalem, where he again attracted devoted followers.[4] The synagogue he established in the Mea Shearim quarter became known for the ecstatic mood of those who pray there.[1]
After his death in 1947, he was succeeded by his son Abraham Chaim Roth, the rebbe of the Shomre Emunim, and his son-in-law Abraham Isaac Kohn, who became the rebbe of the Toldot Aharon group.[5]
Views
Roth criticized the struggles and scandals within many of the Hasidic dynasties, accusing them of not following the early tsadikim's emphasis on simple prayer and piety.[4] Rejecting all compromise with modern views and ways of life, he called for repentance, demanded complete adherence to simple faith and ecstatic mode of praying, and expected his Hasidim to support themselves by their own labor.[5] He defined the group as a holy fraternity and gave guidelines for distinctive behavior, dress, and hairstyle, particularly deploring the decline of modesty.[4] He regarded the Holocaust as a punishment for abandoning simple faith and ancient traditions,[5] blaming secularism and Zionism, and maintained that the evilness of the Nazis would not have come to fruition had appropriate standards of dress been maintained.[4]
Writings
Roth was the author of several works of modern-day Hasidic literature:[4]
- <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טהרת הקודש (Taharath HaKodesh) (1930) on Hasidic moral development (First Volume Second Volume at HebrewBooks.org);
- <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שולחן הטהור (Shulchan HaTahor) (1933) on pious table etiquette and related matters;
- <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נועם הלבבות (Noam HaLevavot) (1934) on belief, practice, and repentance (Hebrew text at HebrewBooks.org);
- <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שומר אמונים (Shomer Emunim) (1942) which contains the mystical tract Hitragshut HaNefesh (Agitation of the Soul), is a two-volume collection of homilies about faith, providence, reward, punishment and guidelines for pietistic behavior to secure Israel’s redemption, written at a time, when news from the Nazi atrocities in Eastern Europe reached the outside world;[6] (First Volume Second Volume at HebrewBooks.org);
- <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוסף מכתבים (Osef Mikhtavim) (1943);
- <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מבקש אמונה (Mevakesh Emunah) (1943) Hebrew text at HebrewBooks.org.
His ethical will was published as Kuntres Tsavaah in 1947. His works, including new volumes based on his written manuscripts, continue to be published by his followers.[4] A selection of his writings was published in English translation by Zalman Schachter-Shalomi and Yair Hillel Goelman.[7] [8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Some sources have 1944 or 1946 as year of his death.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
