Anna Jagiellon, Duchess of Pomerania

Anna Jagiellon
Duchess of Pomerania
Tenure	2 February 1491 – 12 August 1503
Born	12 March 1476 Nieszawa
Died	Ueckermünde
Burial	Eldena Abbey
Spouse	Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania
Issue	Anna, Duchess of Brieg and Lubin George I, Duke of Pomerania Sophie, Queen of Denmark Barnim IX, Duke of Pomerania
House	Jagiellon dynasty
Father	Casimir IV Jagiellon
Mother	Elizabeth of Austria
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Anna Jagiellon (Polish: Anna Jagiellonka, Lithuanian: Ana Jogailaitė, German: Anna Jagiellonica) (12 March 1476 – 12 August 1503), was a Polish princess member of the Jagiellonian dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Pomerania.

Born in Nieszawa, she was the fifth daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland of Poland and Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria.

Life

From November 1479 until the autumn of 1484 Anna lived in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with her family, and later accompanied her parents on trips around Poland and Lithuania. There is no information about her early years and education.

Casimir IV wanted to arrange a marriage between Anna and Archduke Maximilian of Austria, son and heir of Emperor Frederick III. In the spring of 1486 Polish envoys arrived to Cologne to discuss the proposal and even showed a portrait of the princess, but the Habsburgs didn't show interest in the matter.

During 1489-1490 Mikołaj Kościelecki, Bishop of Chełm, arrived to Barth to begin the negotiations for a marriage between Anna and Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania. On 7 March 1490 in the city of Grodno, was signed an agreement about this matter by Adam Podewils (Governor of Białogard), Werner Schulenburg (Governor of Szczecin) and Bernard Roth as a representant of the Order of Malta. At the same time, was performed the marriage by proxy of Anna and Bogislaw X, who was replaced in the ceremony by Podewils.

Casimir IV gave his daughter the amount of 32,000 Hungarian złoty as a dowry, who where secured from the towns of Lębork and Bytów. On 1 February 1491 Bogislaw X gave his bride as a wedding gift the districts of Rügenwalde, Białogard and Greifenberg. The complete payment of the princess' dowry lasted several decades. On 3 May 1526 King Sigismund I the Old received from Bogislaw X's sons the sum of 14,000 złoty in exchange for the transfer of Lębork and Bytów. The other 18,000 złoty were paid probably only in 1533.

Anna arrived to Łęczyca around 15 January 1491, from where she began her trip with her family to Pomerania. On 2 February in the city of Szczecin took place the wedding ceremony between her and Bogislaw X. The event was very sumptuos and was attended, among others, by Sophie, Dowager Duchess of Pomerania and mother of Bogislaw X, and his brothers-in-law, Dukes Magnus II and Balthasar of Mecklenburg.

File:Szczecin, ZKP, Bogusław i Anna.JPG

Monument of Bogislaw X and Anna. Ducal Castle, Szczecin.

Commemorative plaque at Eldena Abbey.

At the time of her wedding, Anna was only 14 years old. She was the second wife of the Duke of Pomerania, whose first marriage with Margaret of Brandenburg (d. 1489) was turbulent and childless. For Bogislaw X, his new marriage reinforced his connections with Poland. His long dispute with Brandenburg ended in the sign of a treaty on 26 March 1493 in the city of Pyrzyce; as a mediator in this agreement, participated the Polish King John I Albert as a request of his brother-in-law.

The Ducal couple resided mainly in Szczecin, where Bogislaw X renewed and expanded the local Castle. On 16 December 1496 Bogislaw X left his domains to support Emperor Maximilian I in his war against King Charles VIII of France. Later, he went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, from which he returned only on 12 April 1498. During his absence, the Regency of the Duchy was exercised by Benedikt von Waldstein, Bishop of Cammin and Chancellor Jerzy Kleist; however, Anna also participated in the government with minor documents, according to historian Fryderyk Papée.

In the autumn of 1503 a rebellion from Szczecin subjects, forced Bogislaw X to moved his family firstly to Gartz and later to Ueckermünde Castle, where Anna gave birth her youngest child.

According to the reports of chronicler Thomas Kantzow, Anna became ill after she arrived to Ueckermünde, because there the walls are recently covered with lime, and this hit her on the heart. Modern historians, based on reports of chronicler Joachim von Wedel, speculated that the real cause of her death could be pneumonia or tuberculosis.

Anna died on 12 August 1503 in Ueckermünde and was buried at Eldena Abbey in Greifswald. The burial place of the Duchess was commemorated with a plaque placed in the ruins of the Abbey.

Issue

Anna and Bogislaw X had eight children:

1. Anna of Pomerania (1492 – 25 April 1550), married on 9 June 1516 to Duke George I of Brieg.
2. George I, Duke of Pomerania (11 April 1493 – 9/10 May 1531).
3. Casimir (VIII) of Pomerania (28 April 1494 – 29 October 1518).
4. Sophie of Pomerania (1498 – 13 May 1568), married on 9 October 1518 to Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Schleswig, who became King Frederick I of Denmark in 1523.
5. Elisabeth of Pomerania (1499 – bef. 27 May 1518), abbess of Krummin Nunnery.
6. Barnim of Pomerania ( 12 April 1500 – bef. 2 December 1501).
7. Barnim IX, Duke of Pomerania (2 December 1501 – 2 November 1573).
8. Otto (IV) of Pomerania (bef. 12 August 1503 – bef. 1518)

Ancestry

Ancestors of Hedwig Jagiellon

16. Gediminas of Lithuania               8. Algirdas, King of Lithuania                       17. Jewna of Polotsk               4. Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland                             18. Alexander I, Grand Prince of Tver               9. Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver                       19. Anastasia Yuryevna of Halych               2. Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland                                   20. Ivan Olgimuntovich, Prince of Halshany               10. Andrew Ivanovich, Prince of Halshany                       21. Agrippina               5. Sophia of Halshany                             22. Dimitri of Drutsk (possibly Demetrius I Starshy)               11. Alexandra Dimitrijewna of Drutsk                       1. Anna Jagiellon                                         24. Albert III, Duke of Austria               12. Albert IV, Duke of Austria                       25. Beatrice of Hohenzollern-Nuremberg               6. Albert II of Germany                             26. Albert I, Duke of Bavaria               13. Johanna Sophia of Bavaria                       27. Margaret of Brieg               3. Elizabeth of Austria                                   28. Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor               14. Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor                       29. Elizabeth of Pomerania               7. Elisabeth of Bohemia                             30. Hermann II of Celje               15. Barbara of Celje                       31. Anna, Countess of Schaunberg

References

• Krzysztof Baczkowski: Dzieje Polski późnośredniowiecznej, Kraków 1999, p. 181, 249.
• Małgorzata Duczmal: Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Poznań-Kraków 1996, pp. 37–43.
• J. Ekes: Anna Jagiellonka, [in:] Encyklopedia historii Polski. Dzieje polityczne, vol. 1, Warszawa 1994, p. 25.
• Edward Rymar: Rodowód książąt pomorskich, vol. 2, Szczecin 1995, pp. 105–109.
• Fryderyk Papée: in: Polish Biographical Dictionary. vol. 1: Kraków: Polish Academy of Learning – Gebethner and Wolff Editorial, 1936, pp. 125–126. Reprint: National Ossoliński Institute, Kraków 1989.