Beta Scorpii

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Beta Scorpii
Scorpius constellation map.svg
Red circle.svg

Location of β Scorpii (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Scorpius
HR 5984
Right ascension 16h 05m 26.23198s[1]
Declination –19° 48′ 19.6300″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.62[2]
HR 5985
Right ascension 16h 05m 26.57128s[1]
Declination –19° 48′ 06.8556″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 4.92[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B1V + B2V
U−B color index –0.08 / –0.70[3]
B−V color index –0.08 / –0.02[3]
Astrometry
HR 5984
Radial velocity (Rv) –1.0[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: –5.20[1] mas/yr
Dec.: –24.04[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π) 8.07 ± 0.78[1] mas
Distance 400 ± 40 ly
(120 ± 10 pc)
HR 5985
Radial velocity (Rv) –3.6[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: –5.07[1] mas/yr
Dec.: –25.87[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π) 8.19 ± 1.17[1] mas
Distance approx. 400 ly
(approx. 120 pc)
Details
HR 5984
Mass 10[5] M☉
Radius 19 R☉
Luminosity 20,000[5] L☉
Temperature 27,000[5] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i) 100[6] km/s
HR 5985
Temperature 22,000[5] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i) 65[6] km/s
Other designations
Acrab, Elacrab, Graffias, Grassias, 8 Scorpii, ADS 9913.
A: β1 Sco, BD–19 4307, HD 144217, HIP 78820, HR 5984, SAO 159682.
B: β2 Sco, BD–19 4308, HD 144218, HIP 78821, HR 5985.
Database references
SIMBAD data

Beta Scorpii (β Sco, β Scorpii) is a multiple star system in the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius. It has the traditional names Acrab, Akrab or Elacrab, all come from (Arabic: العقرب‎‎) al-'Aqrab, the Scorpion, for the whole constellation, as well as Graffias,[7][8] a name it shares with Xi Scorpii. It was known as 房宿四 (the Fourth star of the Room) in Chinese.

File:Beta sco orbits.svg
Hierarchy of orbits in the Beta Scorpii system (bottom star should be Eb).[9]

Observed through a small telescope, Beta Scorpii appears as a binary star with a separation between the two components of 13.5 arcseconds and a combined apparent magnitude of 2.50. This pair, β1 and β2, form the top branches of the hierarchy of orbiting components in this system. β1 Scorpii, the brighter of the pair, consists of two sub-components, β Sco A and β Sco B, orbiting at an angular separation of 3.9 arcseconds with an orbital period of 610 years. β Sco A is itself a spectroscopic binary with the components β Sco Aa and β Sco Ab separated by 1.42 milliarcseconds and an orbital period of 6.82 days.[9]

The second visual component, β2 Scorpii, has two sub-components, β Sco C and β Sco E, orbiting at an angular separation of 0.1328 arcseconds with an orbital period of 39 years. β Sco E is a spectroscopic binary with the components β Sco Ea and β Sco Eb having an orbital period of 10.7 days. This brings the total number of stars in the system to six. There is no D component; this is now an artifact of earlier system models.[9]

The two most massive members of the system have the spectrum of B-type main sequence stars. Component C has a stellar classification of B2V.[9] They are both hot stars at least 10 times as massive as our own Sun, and will have short lives. Both are expected to end their stellar evolution with massive Type II supernova explosions.

The Beta Scorpii system is a kinematic member of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius-Centaurus Association, a group of thousands of young stars with mean age 11 million years at distance 470 light years (145 parsecs).[10] A recent analysis of the HR diagram position for the most massive star Beta-1 Scorpii A[10] estimates its effective temperature to be 26,240 Kelvin with a luminosity of 19,500 Suns, consistent with an isochronal age of 11 million years and an estimated mass of 12 solar masses.

Beta Scorpii is 1.01 degree from the ecliptic and can be occulted by the Moon and, very rarely, by planets. The last occultation by a planet took place on 13 May 1971, by Jupiter.

In culture

Beta Scorpii appears on the flag of Brazil, symbolising the state of Maranhão.[11] USS Graffias (AF-29) was once a United States navy ship named after the star.

References

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External links

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ID V/50.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ R. G. Aitken Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Vol. 36, No. 211 (June, 1924), pp. 124-130 JSTOR 40692425
  8. ↑ Allen, R. H., (1899) Star-names and Their Meanings, New York: G. E. Stechert, p. 367.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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