Carbohydrate chemistry
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Carbohydrate chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry primarily concerned with the synthesis, structure, and function of carbohydrates. Due to the general structure of carbohydrates, their synthesis is often preoccupied with the selective formation of glycosidic linkages and the selective reaction of hydroxyl groups; as a result, it relies heavily on the use of protecting groups.
Contents
Monosaccharides
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Individual saccharide residues are termed monosaccharides.
Carbohydrate synthesis
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Glycosidic bond formation
Protecting groups
Oligosaccharides
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Reactions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are reactants in many organic reactions. For example:
- Cyanohydrin reaction
- Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation
- Amadori rearrangement
- Nef reaction
- Wohl degradation
- Tipson-Cohen reaction
- Ferrier rearrangement
- Ferrier II reaction
Functions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates have five major functions within the body:
- Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
- Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy
- Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
- Cellular and protein recognition
- Dietary fiber
Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
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Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy
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Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
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Cellular and protein recognition
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Glycoprotein hormones may be removed by the liver from the bloodstream when the passage of time causes the breaking-off of carbohydrates from the glycoproteins.[citation needed]
Dietary fiber
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See also
Carbohydrate Structure
- Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrate Conformation
- Monosaccharide
- Disaccharide
- Polysaccharide
- Anomeric effect
- Glycosidic bond
Carbohydrate function & Biology
References
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