Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai

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Chita (English)
Чита (Russian)
-  City[1]  -
Map of Russia - Zabaykalsky Krai (2008-03).svg
Location of Zabaykalsky Krai in Russia
Chita is located in Zabaykalsky Krai
Chita
Chita
Location of Chita in Zabaykalsky Krai
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Coat of Arms of Chita (Chita oblast).png
Flag of Chita (Chita oblast).svg
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of January 2012)
Country Russia
Federal subject Zabaykalsky Krai[1]
Administrative district Chitinsky District[1]
Administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai,[1] Chitinsky District[1]
Municipal status (as of December 2009)
Urban okrug Chita Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Chita Urban Okrug[2]
Mayor[citation needed] Anatoly Mikhalyov[citation needed]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 324,444 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010 56th
Time zone IRKT (UTC+08:00)[4]
Founded 1653[5]
City status since July 11, 1851[citation needed]
Postal code(s)[6] 672000–672051
Dialing code(s) +7 3022[citation needed]
Official website
Chita on Wikimedia Commons

Chita (Russian: Чита; IPA: [tɕɪˈta]) is a city and the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Chita and Ingoda Rivers and on the Trans-Siberian Railway, 900 kilometers (560 mi) east of Irkutsk. Population: 324,444 (2010 Census);[3] 316,643 (2002 Census);[7] 365,754 (1989 Census).[8]

History

Before 1825

For several centuries before the Russians arrived, local Mongolic and Turkic tribes inhabited the Chita region, along with various Chinese traders.[citation needed]

Pyotr Beketov's Cossacks founded Chita in 1653.[5][9]

1825 to 1918

After 1825, several of the Decembrists suffered exile to Chita; thus, Chita is on occasion called the "City of Exiles". Many of the Decembrists were intellectuals and members of the middle class, and consequently their arrival had a positive effect.[citation needed]

Chita was granted town status on July 11, 1851.[citation needed]

When Richard Maack visited the city in 1855, he saw a wooden town, with one, also wooden, church. He estimated Chita's population at under 1,000, but predicted that the city would soon experience fast growth, due to the upcoming annexation of the Amur valley by Russia. [10]

By 1885, Chita's population had reached 5,728,[citation needed] and by 1897 it increased to 11,500.[9]

At the end of the 19th century, many Muslims settled in Chita, attracted by its trading potential. These Muslims were mainly of Tatar origin. They settled down near the Jewish quarter and built a mosque. Many Tatars living in Chita descend from these immigrants.[citation needed]

Chita Mosque

1918 to 1945

Chita railway station in 1910
Chita railway station today

Chita was occupied by the Japanese between 1918 and 1920. From 1920 to 1922, Chita served as the capital of the Far Eastern Republic. From the 1930s to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Chita was a closed city. During this period, foreigners were prohibited from traveling to Chita, as were many Russians. The basis for the closing of the city was apparently its proximity to China and military installations. During World War II, a significant number of Japanese soldiers were taken as prisoners of war and put to work in the construction industry. Chita has since been famous for hosting numerous examples of Japanese-inspired architecture, especially in the city center.[citation needed]

Post-1945

In 1945, Puyi, the last Emperor of China, and some of his associates were held prisoner in the city, in a former sanatorium for officers.[11]

Administrative and municipal status

Chita is the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Chitinsky District, to which it is also subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the city of Chita together with one rural locality in Chitinsky District is incorporated as Chita Urban Okrug.[12]

Transportation

The Trans-Siberian Highway passes through Chita. Two sections of the highway connect in Chita: the M55 Baikal Highway, which goes from Chita to Irkutsk, and the M58 Amur Highway, which goes from Chita to Khabarovsk.[citation needed]

Chita is served by Kadala Airport, situated 15km to the west.[13]

Education

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Main article: Education in Siberia

Chita is home to several facilities of higher education:

Military

Chita Northwest air base is located nearby, as well as the 101st (Hub) Communications Brigade and the 53rd Material Support Regiment.[citation needed]

Sports

FC Chita is Chita's association football club.[citation needed]

Universitet Chita compete in the Professional Rugby League, the top division of rugby union in Russia.[citation needed]

SKA Zabaykalets used to play in the highest division of the Russian Bandy League.[citation needed]

An indoor arena for speed skating is planned.[14]

Climate

Chita experiences a borderline subarctic climate/humid continental climate (Köppen Dwc/Dwb) with very cold, very dry winters and warm, wet summers.

Climate data for Chita (1982-2013)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7)		 7.4
(45.3)		 18.3
(64.9)		 26.5
(79.7)		 34.4
(93.9)		 38.8
(101.8)		 38.0
(100.4)		 40.6
(105.1)		 30.9
(87.6)		 22.7
(72.9)		 12.7
(54.9)		 3.3
(37.9)		 40.6
(105.1)
Average high °C (°F) −18.3
(−0.9)		 −10.9
(12.4)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 8.1
(46.6)		 17.0
(62.6)		 23.8
(74.8)		 25.3
(77.5)		 22.6
(72.7)		 15.8
(60.4)		 6.4
(43.5)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −16.2
(2.8)		 5.52
(41.92)
Daily mean °C (°F) −24
(−11)		 −18.2
(−0.8)		 −8.4
(16.9)		 1.6
(34.9)		 9.8
(49.6)		 16.7
(62.1)		 19.1
(66.4)		 16.6
(61.9)		 9.4
(48.9)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −11.5
(11.3)		 −21.2
(−6.2)		 −0.81
(30.56)
Average low °C (°F) −29.6
(−21.3)		 −25.6
(−14.1)		 −15.6
(3.9)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 2.6
(36.7)		 9.7
(49.5)		 12.9
(55.2)		 10.6
(51.1)		 3.1
(37.6)		 −5.4
(22.3)		 −16.7
(1.9)		 −26.2
(−15.2)		 −7.09
(19.23)
Record low °C (°F) −49.6
(−57.3)		 −48.0
(−54.4)		 −45.3
(−49.5)		 −29.6
(−21.3)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −5.4
(22.3)		 0.0
(32)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −10.7
(12.7)		 −33.1
(−27.6)		 −41.1
(−42)		 −47.8
(−54)		 −49.6
(−57.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.4
(0.094)		 2.4
(0.094)		 3.7
(0.146)		 10.7
(0.421)		 21.6
(0.85)		 54.5
(2.146)		 94.2
(3.709)		 83.7
(3.295)		 40.9
(1.61)		 10.0
(0.394)		 5.5
(0.217)		 4.2
(0.165)		 334.2
(13.157)
Average precipitation days 8.5 5.1 5.6 6.9 9.8 9.6 11.5 11.0 9.3 5.5 8.7 11.1 102.6
Average relative humidity (%) 77.1 71.0 60.4 46.6 46.3 54.7 64.7 67.8 62.6 59.7 72.0 78.4 63.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 144.2 180.6 244.9 247.5 269.7 283.5 263.5 238.7 217.5 190.6 138.0 116.3 2,535
Source #1: climatebase.ru (1933-2011)[15]
Source #2: weatheronline (only temperature 1982-2013)

Twin towns and sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Chita is twinned with:

Notable people

[citation needed]

References

Notes

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Use <references />, or <references group="..." />

Sources

  • Министерство территориального развития Забайкальского края. 1 января 2014 г. «Реестр административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Забайкальского края», в ред. Распоряжения №209-р от 10 июня 2014 г.. (Ministry of the Territorial Development of Zabaykalsky Krai. January 1, 2014 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Zabaykalsky Krai, as amended by the Directive #209-r of June 10, 2014. ).
  • Законодательное Собрание Забайкальского края. Закон №316-ЗЗК от 18 декабря 2009 г. «О границах муниципальных районов и городских округов Забайкальского края», в ред. Закона №770-ЗЗК от 26 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Забайкальского края "О границах муниципальных районов и городских округов Забайкальского края"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Забайкальский рабочий", №239–242, 21 декабря 2009 г. (Legislative Assembly of Zabaykalsky Krai. Law #316-ZZK of December 18, 2009 On the Borders of the Municipal Districts and Urban Okrugs of Zabaykalsky Krai, as amended by the Law #770-ZZK of December 26, 2012 On Amending the Law of Zabaykalsky Krai "On the Borders of the Municipal Districts and Urban Okrugs of Zabaykalsky Krai". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Zabaykalsky Krai
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Law #316-ZZK
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ S. I. Kuznetsov and S. V. Karasov, "The Last Emperor of China: Internment in the Soviet Union", The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 18(2), 207-226 (2005). doi:10.1080/13518040590944430
  12. ↑ The Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities lists one city, three urban-type settlements, and fifty-four rural localities in Chitinsky District. The city of Chita and one rural locality are listed as a part of Chita Urban Okrug in Law #316-ZZK.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://news.chita.ru/44490/&prev=search
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Zabinfo: CHITA and ULAN UDE is twin towns[dead link]
  17. ↑ Encyclopedia of Transbaikal Region. Twinning towns
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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