Citrobacter freundii
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C. freundii
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Citrobacter freundii is a species of facultative anaerobic. Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family.[1] The bacteria are long rod-shaped with a typical length of 1–5 μm.[2] Most C. freundii cells are surrounded by several flagella used for locomotion, but a few are not mobile. It can be found in soil, water, sewage, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans.[2] The Citrobacter genus was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. Cultures of C. freundii were isolated and identified in the same year from soil extracts.[2]
As an opportunistic pathogen, C. freundii is responsible for a number of significant infections. It is known to be the cause of a number of nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood, and many other normally sterile sites in patients.[3] C. freundii represents about 29% of all opportunistic infections.[3]
Surprisingly, this infectious microbe in humans plays a positive role in the environment. C. freundii is responsible for reducing nitrate to nitrite in the environment.[4] This conversion is an important and crucial stage in the nitrogen cycle. These bacteria also help in recycling nitrogen.[4]
C. freundii has also been investigated for biodegradation of tannic acid used in tanneries.[4]
For metabolism, C. freundii has an ability to grow on glycerol as the sole carbon and energy source. Within its cell, a bacterial microcompartment can be found, which is capable of processing propanediol.[5]
References
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