Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan

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This article is about the 21st century political party. For the historical party that existed from 1927 to 1940, see Constitutional Democratic Party (Japan).

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Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan
立憲民主党
Rikken-minshutō
Abbreviation CDP or CDPJ
Leader Kenta Izumi
Founder Yukio Edano
Deputy Leader Seiji Osaka
Secretary-General Katsuya Okada
Chairman of the Policy Bureau Akira Nagatsuma
Slogan もっと良い未来へ！
Motto yoi mirai e![1]
("To a better future!")
Founded 3 October 2017; 6 years ago (2017-10-03)
15 September 2020; 3 years ago (2020-09-15)[lower-alpha 1]
Merger of
Split from Democratic Party (2016)[lower-alpha 1]
Preceded by Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan[lower-alpha 1]
Headquarters 2-12-4 Fuji Building 3F, Hirakawa-chō,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
Newspaper Rikken-minshu[5]
Youth wing RikkenYouth[6]
Membership  (2021) 100,267[7]
Ideology
Political position Centre to centre-left
International affiliation Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (observer)
Colors      Blue[8]
Councillors
39 / 248
Representatives
97 / 465
Prefectural assembly members
37 / 2,598
Municipal assembly members[9]
157 / 29,425
Election symbol
130px
Website
Politics of Japan
Political parties
Elections

The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (立憲民主党 Rikken-minshutō?, CDP[10] or CDPJ[11]) is a liberal[12] political party in Japan. It is the primary centre-left party in Japan[13] and as of 2023 is the second largest party in the National Diet behind the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.[14]

It was founded in October 2017 as a split from the Democratic Party ahead of the 2017 general election. In late 2020, the party was re-founded following a merger with majorities of the Democratic Party for the People and the Social Democratic Party as well as some independent lawmakers.

The party's platform supports raising the minimum wage, expanded welfare policies, the legalization of same-sex marriage, increased gender equality, abortion rights,[15] renewable energy policies, decentralization, a multilateral foreign policy, the revision of the U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement, tax reform and electoral reform. [16] The party strongly opposes efforts to amend the Japanese Constitution to reinterpret Article 9 or codify the status of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and also opposes nuclear power.

History

File:Ritsumin Honbu at Tokyo in 2018.jpg
The first CDP headquarters in Hirakawa-chō, Tokyo.

Formation and 2017 election

File:Logo of Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan.svg
Alternative CDPJ logo

The party was formed in the run up to the 2017 general election from a split of the centre-left wing of the opposition Democratic Party (DP).[17][18][19][20] Prior to the election on 28 September 2017, the DP House of Representatives caucus dissolved in order for party members to stand as candidates for Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike's Party of Hope or as independents in the upcoming election.[21]

The new party was launched on 2 October 2017 by DP deputy leader Yukio Edano at a press conference in Tokyo for liberals and left-leaning members of the DP who do not wish to, or were rejected for, contesting the election as candidates for the Party of Hope.[22][23]

On 3 October 2017, it was announced that the new party would not contest seats where former Democrats were running as Party of Hope candidates,[24] a gesture which was not returned when the Party of Hope ran a candidate in Edano's incumbent district. The Japanese Communist Party (JCP), in turn, pulled their own candidate from running in Edano's district so as to not take away votes from him.[25] The party won a total of 55 seats,[19] becoming the leading opposition party and leading the pacifist bloc (including the JCP and Social Democratic Party) to become the largest opposition bloc.

In July 2020, the CDP became an observer affiliate of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats.[26]

2020 merger and refoundation

File:Miyakezaka Building (2018-05-04) 02.jpg
The second CDP headquarters in Nagata-chō, Tokyo.

On 19 August 2020, the CDP announced that it would merge with the majority of the Democratic Party for the People (DPP) as well as some independent Diet members in September of that year.[27]

On 10 September 2020, the new party elected Edano as leader and also voted to retain the CDP name.[28] Following the merger, the new CDP had a total of 149 members and held 107 seats in the House of Representatives, compared to 156 members and 96 seats held by the Democratic Party in 2016. The independents who joined the CDP in this merger included former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda. Several conservative DPP members, including DPP president Yuichiro Tamaki, did not join the CDP and instead continued to lead a rump DPP independent of the CDP.[29][14]

On 14 November 2020, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) voted to agree to a merger arrangement with the CDP, allowing SDP members to leave the party and join the CDP.[30] However, SDP leader Mizuho Fukushima was opposed to the merger agreement and as a result remained in the Social Democratic Party.[30]

The CDP contested the 2021 general election in an electoral pact co-operating with the JCP, Reiwa Shinsengumi and continuing DPP and SDP parties in fielding single opposition candidates in single-seat constituencies.[31] Edano resigned as party leader following the election on 2 November 2021, due to poorer than expected electoral results in which the CDP fell from 110 to 96 seats.[32][33]

Kenta Izumi was elected as the leader of the CDP in the 2021 Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan leadership election on 30 November 2021. Formerly a member of the DPP, he said that the two parties are regarded by the public as "close" and "thought to be like brothers" and "expressed support for a tie-up" between the two.[38]

Ideology and platform

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The CDP has been described as liberal[39][12] and social-liberal,[40] and in favour of constitutionalism.[41] The party has also been described as progressive[42][43] and centre-left,[19][18][44] and following its enlargement in 2020 has variously been described as liberal,[29] centrist,[45] or centre-left.[13] Within the CDP, as with its predecessor the Democratic Party of Japan, there are conservative politicians,[lower-alpha 2] as well as politicians from social-democratic backgrounds.[46][47][48]

At launch in 2017, the CDP opposed the proposed revision of Article 9 of Japan's postwar constitution.[19][49][50] The party supports the phasing out of nuclear energy in Japan,[51] and government investment in renewable energy.[52] The party does not support the legalization and maintenance of casinos.[53] The party also supports "building a society that supports each other and makes full use of individuality and creativity."[54][55] In their 2017 political programme, the party expressed support for grassroots democracy and diplomatic pacifism.[56] However, apart from the CDP's official support for diplomatic pacifism, the CDP is negative about the Statue of Peace to honor comfort women, victims of Japanese war crimes, and calls on the South Korean government to remove the Statue of Peace.[57][not in citation given]

In 2019, the party pledged to support LGBT rights and the legalization of same-sex marriage in Japan,[58] and in March 2023, promoted a parliamentary bill for Japan to legally recognise such couplings.[59]

The party supported a freeze in the increase of the consumption tax as of 2017,[60][61] and supports a temporary consumption tax cut as of 2020, along with higher taxes on corporations and wealthy individuals.[14] In the run-up to the 2021 general election, party leader Edano stated his party's support for redistribution of wealth.[62] The 2021 election platform also offered support for progressive taxation, a pledge for additional welfare payments for citizens on low incomes, and raising the capital gains tax rate to 25% by 2023.[63]

Leadership

Position Name
Leader Kenta Izumi
Deputy leader Seiji Osaka
Chinami Nishimura
Secretary-General Katsuya Okada
Chairman of the Policy Bureau Akira Nagatsuma
Election Campaign Committee chief Kensuke Onishi
Diet Affairs Committee chief Jun Azumi
Joint House General Council chief Tomoko Abe

List of the Leaders

No. Leader
(birth–death)		 Constituency Took office Left office Election results Prime Minister (term)
Split from: Democratic Party (2016) (centre-left)
1 Yukio Edano
(b. 1964)		 60px Rep for Saitama 5th 3 October 2017 14 September 2020
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2017
Unopposed
 Abe S. 2012–20
Merger of: Democratic Party for the People (centre-right; majority faction) ＆ Some Independents Group
1 Yukio Edano
(b. 1964)		 60px Rep for Saitama 5th 15 September 2020 12 November 2021
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2020[lower-alpha 3]
Yukio Edano – 107
Kenta Izumi – 42
 Abe S. 2012–20
Suga 2020–21
Kishida 2021–present
2 Kenta Izumi
(b. 1974)		 60px Rep for Kyoto 3rd 30 November 2021 Incumbent
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2021 1st Round
Kenta Izumi – 189
Seiji Osaka – 148
Junya Ogawa – 133
Chinami Nishimura – 102
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2021 2nd Round
Kenta Izumi – 205
Seiji Osaka – 128

Election results

House of Representatives

House of Representatives
Election Leader No. of
candidates		 Seats Position Constituency votes PR Block votes Status
No. ± Share No. Share No. Share
2017 Yukio Edano 78
55 / 465
11.8% 2nd 4,852,097 8.75% 11,084,890 19.88% Opposition
Merger of: Democratic Party for the People (centre-right; majority faction) ＆ Some Independents Group (2020)
2021 Yukio Edano 240
96 / 465
20.6% 2nd 17,215,621 29.96% 11,492,095 20.00% Opposition

House of Councillors

House of Councillors
Election Leader No. of
candidates		 Seats Position Constituency votes Party list votes Status
Won ± Share Not up Total[lower-alpha 4] No. Share No. Share
2019 Yukio Edano 42
17 / 124
13.7% 15
32 / 245
2nd 7,951,430 15.79% 7,917,720 15.81% Opposition
Merger of: Democratic Party for the People (centre-right; majority faction) ＆ Some Independents Group (2020)
2022 Kenta Izumi 51
17 / 125
13.6% 22
39 / 248
2nd 8,154,330 15.33% 6,771,914 12.77% Opposition

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The "old CDP" was founded on 3 October 2017[2] as a split from the Democratic Party and dissolved on 14 September 2020,[3] while the current party was founded on 15 September 2020[4] as a merger of the old CDP, the majority of the Democratic Party for the People and some independent lawmakers.
  2. ↑ Most conservative factions within the CDP are moderate conservatives, but some CDP members belong to ultra-conservative Nippon Kaigi (ex: Hirofumi Ryu, Jin Matsubara, Shū Watanabe, etc.).
  3. ↑ Held after the merger with the Democratic Party for the People.
  4. ↑ The Upper house is split in two classes, one elected every three years.

References

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  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, party membership statistics for chief executives and assembly members in prefectures and municipalities: Prefectural and local assembly members and governors/mayors by political party as of 31 December 2021
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1
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  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  38. ↑ [34][35][12][36][37]
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  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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