Daitoku-ji

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Daitoku-ji
File:Daitokuji Kyoto06n3200.jpg
Butsuden (Hondo)
Information
Mountain name Ryūhōzan
Denomination Rinzai
Founded 1326
People
Founder(s) Daito Kokushi
Location
Address 53 Murasakino Daitokuji-cho, Kita-ku, Kyoto-shi, 603-8231
Country Japan

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Daitoku-ji (大徳寺?, the ‘temple of Great Virtue’)[1] is a Buddhist temple, one of fourteen autonomous branches of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen. It is located in Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The "mountain name" (sangō) by which it is known is Ryūhōzan (龍宝山?). The Daitoku-ji temple complex today covers more than 23 hectares (57 acres).[2]

History

Daitoku-ji originated as a small monastery founded in 1315 or 1319 by the monk Shūhō Myōchō (宗峰妙超?, also pronounced Sōhō Myōchō; 1282–1337), who is known by the title Daitō Kokushi ("National Teacher of the Great Lamp") given by Emperor Go-Daigo.[3] In 1325, the monastery was converted into a supplication hall for the imperial court at the request of the retired Emperor Hanazono. The dedication ceremony for the imperial supplication hall, with its newly added dharma hall and abbot's living quarters, was held in 1326, and this is generally recognized as the true founding of the temple.[2]

Like many other temples in Kyoto during that time, the temple's buildings were destroyed by fire. In 1474, which was when Kyoto was the scene of the Onin War, Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado designated Ikkyū Sōjun as the head priest. With the help of merchants of the city of Sakai, Ikkyū contributed significantly to the temple's rehabilitation.[2]

From its earliest days, the temple experienced alternating periods of fortune and decline. This can be attributed to the rivalries and conflicts between Daitoku-ji and other well-known Zen temples, as well as between Daitoku-ji and the political authorities.[4]

Daitoku-ji became particularly important from the sixteenth century, when it was predominantly supported by members of the military establishment, who sponsored the building of subsidiary temples as prayers for their ancestors or in preparation for their own demise.[5] In 1582, Toyotomi Hideyoshi buried his predecessor, Oda Nobunaga, at Daitoku-ji. He also contributed land and built the Sōken-in.

Around this period in history, Daitoku-ji became closely linked to the master of the Japanese tea ceremony, Sen no Rikyū, and consequently to the realm of the Japanese tea ceremony. After the era of Sen no Rikyū, another famous figure in the history of the Japanese tea ceremony who left his mark at this temple was Kobori Enshū.

Buildings

There are several buildings in the complex:

  • Sanmon (Mountain Gate)
  • Butsuden (Buddha Hall)
  • Hattō (Dharma Hall)
  • Hōjō (Abbot's Quarters)
  • Yokushitsu (Bath House)
  • Kyōzō (Sutra Library)

Treasures

File:Guanyin, Monkeys, and Crane.jpg
Mu Qi, Guanyin, Monkeys and Crane, Southern Song; National Treasure

Daitoku-ji is home to some works by the 13th-century Chinese artist-monk Mu Qi:

Sub-temples

Daitoku-ji operates some twenty-two sub-temples, the most significant being Daisen-in, Jukō-in (聚光院?), and Shinjū-an (眞珠庵?).[8][9]

Shichidō garan

The garan (compound):

  • Daitokuji Kyoto07n4272.jpg

    Hattō

  • Daitokuji Kyoto03ns4272.jpg

    Sanmon

  • Daitokuji Kyoto02n4272.jpg

    Imperial emissary gate (Chokushi-mon)

  • Japan Kyoto Daitoku-ji 3.jpg

    Hondō

Tatchū

The tatchū (塔中?, inner cloisters):

  • Garden of the Cross at Zuihō-in

  • Zuihō-tei, a garden at Zuiho-in

  • Go board used by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu at Ryogen-in, Daitoku-ji

  • Daisen-in.JPG

    Daisen-in

  • Japan Kyoto Daitoku-ji 2.jpg
  • Japan Kyoto Daitoku-ji 1.jpg
  • Japan Kyoto Daitoku-ji Koto-in 2.jpg

    Kotō-in

See also

References

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Further reading

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External links

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  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, entry "Daitokuji."
  3. ↑ Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, entry "Sōhō Myōchō."
  4. ↑ Usui Shiro. Tr., Stephen D. Miller. A Pilgrim's Guide to Forty-six Temples, pp. 84-85. Weatherhill, Inc., 1990. ISBN 0-8348-0211-2.
  5. ↑ Herbert E. Plutschow. Historical Kyoto, p. 141. The Japan Times, Ltd., 1983. ISBN 4-7890-0206-3
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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