Europe of Nations and Freedom

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Europe of Nations and Freedom
European parliamentary group
240px
English abbr. ENF
French abbr. ENL
Ideology Far-right politics[1][2][3][4][5]
Nationalism[6]
Euroscepticism[5]
Right-wing populism[7]
Anti-immigration[5]
European parties Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom and European Alliance for Freedom
From 15 June 2015
Chaired by Marine Le Pen
Marcel de Graaff
MEP(s)
39 / 751
Website www.enfgroup-ep.eu

Europe of Nations and Freedom (French: Europe des nations et des libertés, ENL) is a political group in the European Parliament launched on 15 June 2015. With 39 members, the group is the smallest in the European Parliament. The largest party of the group by number of MEPs is the National Front representing more than half of ENL's MEPs with 20 MEPs out of 39.

The ENF is the parlimamentary group of the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom although PVV's MEPs are members of the European Alliance for Freedom and other MEPs are without any European affiliations.

History

Following the 2014 European elections on 22–25 May 2014, the European Alliance for Freedom (EAF), comprising right-wing and far-right parties from across Europe, aimed to form a stable parliamentary group in the European Parliament prior to the start of the 8th term. A previous attempt to form a far-right group in the European parliament during the 6th term was the short-lived Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (ITS) group in 2007.[8]

On 28 May 2014, it was announced at a press conference in Brussels that the alliance led by Marine Le Pen of the French National Front (FN) and Geert Wilders of the Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV), including Lega Nord leader Matteo Salvini, were in negotiations to form a parliamentary group.[9] On 24 June 2014, it was announced that the Le Pen/Wilders alliance had failed to gather the requisite 25 MEPs from 7 EU member nations, thus starting the parliamentary term as Non-Inscrits members.[10][11] Later in 2014, the EAF was succeeded by the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom (MENL), without the participation of the PVV.[12]

EU states with more than one ENF MEP (dark blue), one ENF MEP (blue), or no ENF MEPs (dark grey) in the 8th European Parliament.

On 15 June 2015, Marine Le Pen announced that a new group in the European Parliament would be launched the following day, set to comprise MEPs from the FN, PVV, Lega Nord, the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), Flemish Interest (VB),[3][13][14] the Polish Congress of the New Right (KNP) and former UK Independence Party member Janice Atkinson.[15] Together with the availability of the excluded UKIP MEP, the creation of the group with representation from 7 different member states was made possible by the recent side-lining of two historical but controversial figures of the far-right: Jean-Marie Le Pen was suspended by his own National Front, while Janusz Korwin-Mikke's departure from the KNP allowed Marine Le Pen and Wilders to accept the two remaining members of the party in their group, something they had rejected during the discussions held in June 2014.[16][17] Among the FN delegation, Bruno Gollnisch chose not to join in solidarity with former president Jean-Marie Le Pen, while Aymeric Chauprade, on a trip to Fiji,[16] joined a few days later.[18] One of the four seats won by the PVV was vacant at the time of the group's creation until 8 September 2015, when Auke Zijlstra replaced Hans Jansen, who had died on 5 May 2015.[19]

In July 2015, the European Parliament decided the group would earn €3 million per year from EU funds.[20] By adding up all the grants for the group as well as for the linked political party and think tank, the funds will amount to €17.5 million for the next 4 years of their mandate.[21]

On 15 July 2015, Romanian MEP fr (Laurențiu Rebega) left both the Conservative Party and the S&D group to join the ENF.[22] On 9 November 2015 Aymeric Chauprade left the group.[23]

Reviewing votes in the EU Parliament on resolutions critical of Russia or measures not in the Kremlin's interests (e.g., the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement), Hungary's Political Capital Institute found that future members of the ENF voted "no" in 93% of cases.[24][relevant? – discuss]

The first convention of the ENL took place on 28 & 29 January 2016 in Milan with all the leaders of ENL's member parties along with Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) leader Tomio Okamura, whose party is not a member of the ENL as it has no MEPs. During this convention, each leader made a speech followed by a press conference the next day.[25]

During the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party convention on 30 April 2016, it was announced that Marcus Pretzell MEP would join the ENL group.[26] The AfD's other MEP Beatrix von Storch joined the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD) group in March 2016, both MEPs having been expelled from the ECR group.[27]

Membership

The ENF group has 39 members from nine different countries.[28][29]

Country # National Party MEP EU party
Austria 4 Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)
Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs		 Franz Obermayr EAF[30]
de (Georg Mayer)
de (Harald Vilimsky) MENL[31]
de (Barbara Kappel)
Belgium 1 Flemish Interest (VB)
Vlaams Belang		 Gerolf Annemans
France 20 National Front (FN)
Front National		 Louis Aliot
Marie-Christine Arnautu
Nicolas Bay
fr (Dominique Bilde)
fr (Marie-Christine Boutonnet)
fr (Steeve Briois)
fr (Mireille d'Ornano)
Édouard Ferrand
fr (Sylvie Goddyn)
fr (Jean-François Jalkh)
fr (Gilles Lebreton)
Marine Le Pen
Philippe Loiseau
(Had replaced pl (Jeanne Pothain), who resigned before sitting)[32][33]
fr (Dominique Martin:Dominique Martin (homme politique, 1961)|Dominique Martin (politician, 1961)|Dominique Martin)
fr (Joëlle Mélin)
fr (Bernard Monot)
Sophie Montel
Florian Philippot
fr (Jean-Luc Schaffhauser)
fr (Mylène Troszczynski)
Germany 1 Alternative for Germany (AfD)
Alternative für Deutschland		 de (Marcus Pretzell)
(Joined the group on 1 May 2016)		 None
Italy 5 Northern League (LN)
Lega Nord		 Mara Bizzotto MENL[34]
Mario Borghezio
it
Lorenzo Fontana
(Had replaced on 11 July 2014 Flavio Tosi, who resigned to remain mayor of Verona)[35]
Matteo Salvini
Netherlands 4 Party for Freedom (PVV)
Partij voor de Vrijheid		 Marcel de Graaff None
nl (Vicky Maeijer)
Olaf Stuger
Auke Zijlstra
(Joined the group on 8 September 2015, replacing Hans Jansen, who died on 5 May 2015)[36]
Poland 2 Congress of the New Right (KNP)
Kongres Nowej Prawicy		 pl (Michał Marusik) EAF[30]
pl (Stanisław Żółtek) None
Romania 1 Independent (elected as Conservative)[37] fr (Laurențiu Rebega)
(Joined the group on 15 July 2015)
United Kingdom 1 Independent (elected as UKIP)[38] Janice Atkinson

Former members

Member state Party MEPs From To Moved to
France Former National Front

Now The Free French[39]

 Aymeric Chauprade 24 June 2015[18] 9 November 2015[23] Non-Inscrits

Leadership

References

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External links

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  25. ↑ http://www.pantagraph.com/news/world/europe/european-far-right-nationalist-parties-meet-in-milan/article_1e6eba24-5a63-5183-b899-ad76ba8db0af.html
  26. ↑ http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2016-04/pretzell-wechsel-fraktion-eu-parlament-front-national
  27. ↑ http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/german-afd-lawmaker-to-align-with-faction-of-frances-national-front_453117.html
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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