Francis Jackson (abolitionist)

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File:Francis Jackson ca1850 BostonPublicLibrary.jpg
Portrait of Francis Jackson, c. 1850 (Boston Public Library)

Francis Jackson (1789–1861) was an abolitionist in Boston, Massachusetts. He was affiliated with the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, the American Anti-Slavery Society[1] and the Boston Vigilance Committee.[2] He also worked for the South Cove Corporation, filling in land in Boston's South End in the 1830s.

Biography

Jackson was born in Newton, Massachusetts to Timothy Jackson (1756–1814), who fought in the American Revolutionary War and later built the Jackson Homestead in Newton. Siblings included Edmund Jackson, George Jackson, Stephen Jackson, Lucretia Jackson, and politician William Jackson, who was also against slavery.[3]

Francis Jackson served on the Boston City Council in 1823–1824 (common council, Ward 12) and 1826 (alderman).[4][5] In 1832 he held the position of "Land Commissioner" for the city of Boston.[6] He lived on Washington Street (c. 1823), Tremont Street (c. 1832)[7] and Hollis Street (c. 1848–1861).[8][9]

He worked for the South Cove Corporation c. 1833–1840.[10][11] In Boston "by 1830 the population had increased so much that it was felt that the time had come when more room was needed, and soon afterwards the first grand real estate enterprise was inaugurated by the filling up of the South Cove. The company was chartered Jan. 31st, 1833, and $415,000 was subscribed. The work was begun May 3d, 1834, under the management of Mr. Francis Jackson, and finished in November 1837. Seventy-seven acres of good land were thus added."[12]

As an abolitionist, Jackson assisted fugitive slaves: "he sheltered many in a room of his house, at Number 31 Hollis Street."[13] He was involved with the trial of Anthony Burns in 1854.[14] In 1854 and 1856 he "was called upon to preside" over the New England Anti-Slavery Convention held at the Melodeon.[15][16]

In his will, Jackson left considerable funds to abolitionist and women's suffragist efforts, and wrote about Massachusetts: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

"Disregarding the self-evident declaration of 1776, repeated in her own constitution of 1780, that 'all men are born free and equal,' Massachusetts has since, in the face of those solemn declarations, deliberately entered into a conspiracy with other states, to aid in enslaving millions of innocent persons. I have long labored to help my native state out of her deep iniquity, and her barefaced hypocrisy in the matter; I now enter my last protest against her inconsistency, her injustice, and her cruelty, toward an unoffending people. God save the fugitive slave that escapes to her borders, whatever may become of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts."[17]

Jackson also left money to fellow abolitionists and activists Charles C. Burleigh, Lydia Maria Child, Stephen S. Foster, Francis Jackson Garrison, William Lloyd Garrison (whose son, Francis Jackson Garrison, was named after him[18]), Oliver Johnson, Parker Pillsbury, Charles Lennox Redmond, Lucy Stone, Robert F. Walcott and Charles K. Whipple.[19]

Slavery would be legally abolished in the US just four years after Jackson's death through the 13th Amendment. Some of his relatives, led by his brother Edmund, tried to demolish his anti-slavery trust. However, citing the cy-près doctrine, Justice Horace Gray denied the relatives' claim and converted the trust into an educational charity for former slaves and to better their living condition.[20]

He had three children.[21] His daughter Eliza F. Meriam Eddy (née Eliza Frances Jackson) had two sons and a daughter from her first marriage.[22] One of them, Francis Jackson Meriam, was also in the anti-slavery cause. He joined John Brown in his insurrection against slavers despite being already blind in one eye.[23]

Images

  • 1834 Boston map byCharlesStimpson.png

    Boston in 1834, prior to filling in the South Cove

  • HollisSt FrancisJackson house Boston 19thc.png

    Jackson's house, Hollis Street, Boston, 19th century

  • 1835 SouthCove map Boston BPL 2675248746.jpg

    South Cove, Boston, 1835

  • 1842 FrancisJackson petition 1 Boston CityArchives.jpg

    Petition of Francis Jackson and others in favor of abolition of slavery for the use of Faneuil Hall, 1842 (Boston City Clerk Archives and Records Management Division)

  • 1842 FrancisJackson petition 2 Boston CityArchives.jpg

    Petition for use of Faneuil Hall, 1842 (Boston City Clerk Archives and Records Management Division)

  • 1860 American AntiSlaverySociety officers.png

    Officers of the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1860

See also

References

  1. ↑ Annual report of the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1860.
  2. ↑ Life and correspondence of Theodore Parker. 1864
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Boston Directory. 1823
  6. ↑ Boston Directory. 1832
  7. ↑ Boston Directory. 1823, 1832
  8. ↑ Boston Directory. 1848, 1861
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Wilbur H. Siebert. The Underground Railroad in Massachusetts. New England Quarterly, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Sep., 1936), p.455.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Daily Atlas (Boston); Date: 06-01-1854
  16. ↑ Boston Daily Atlas; Date: 05-29-1856
  17. ↑ Quoted in: Will of a Notable Abolitionist. Evening Bulletin (San Francisco); Date: 02-08-1862
  18. ↑ 5 Nov., 1848. Letter from Francis Jackson (Boston) to William Lloyd Garrison and Helen Eliza Garrison acknowledging the naming of Francis Jackson Garrison after him.
  19. ↑ Will of a Notable Abolitionist. Evening Bulletin (San Francisco); Date: 02-08-1862
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Excerpt of his will on p. 271: "Article 8th. I now give to my three children equally the net income of the residue of my estate, during the term of their natural lives." (emphasis added) Except for Eliza, the children are not named.
  22. ↑ Merriam Family Tree. Note: in most contemporary records, the family name was spelled Meriam with one r.
  23. ↑ John Brown: The Conspirators Biographies

Further reading

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Includes remarks by William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Samuel May, Lydia Maria Child.

External links

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