Francis Thomas

For other people named Francis Thomas, see Francis Thomas (disambiguation).

Francis Thomas
United States Minister to Peru
In office July 10, 1872 – July 5, 1875
President	Ulysses S. Grant
Preceded by	Thomas Settle
Succeeded by	Richard Gibbs
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 4th district
In office March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1869
Preceded by	Henry May
Succeeded by	Patrick Hamill
In office March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833
Preceded by	Michael Sprigg
Succeeded by	James P. Heath
26th Governor of Maryland
In office January 3, 1842 – January 6, 1845
Preceded by	William Grason
Succeeded by	Thomas Pratt
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 5th district
In office March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863
Preceded by	Jacob Michael Kunkel
Succeeded by	Benjamin Gwinn Harris
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 6th district
In office March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1841
Preceded by	William Cost Johnson
Succeeded by	John Thomson Mason, Jr.
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 7th district
In office March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835
Preceded by	John Leeds Kerr
Succeeded by	Daniel Jenifer
Personal details
Born	February 3, 1799 Frederick County, Maryland
Died	January 22, 1876 (age 76) Frankville, Maryland
Political party	Republican Unconditional Unionist Democrat

Francis Thomas (February 3, 1799 – January 22, 1876) was a Maryland politician who served as the 26th Governor of Maryland from 1842 to 1845. He also served as a United States Representative from Maryland, representing at separate times the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh districts.

Early life and career

Thomas was born in Frederick County, Maryland, close to South Mountain, known as "Merryland tract", and attended St. John's College of Annapolis, Maryland. He later studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820, commencing practice in Frankville, Maryland. He entered politics after becoming a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1822, 1827, and 1829, and served the last year as 34th Speaker of the House.

Thomas was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second through Twenty-fourth Congresses and as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1831 until March 3, 1841). In Congress, he served as chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses), and as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs (Twenty-sixth Congress). He also served as president of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company in 1839 and 1840.

Governor of Maryland

In 1841, Thomas was elected Governor of Maryland, defeating challenger William Cost Johnson by a margin of 600 votes. During his tenure as governor, he is perhaps best known for his highly publicized and violent divorce with his wife, Sally Campbell Preston McDowell. Until that event, he had been a leading candidate for Democratic nomination for President of the United States, but the divorce seriously disrupted his chances in succeeding in the nomination, and thus he did not pursue it.

Francis Thomas

As governor, Thomas inherited a major state deficit that he would not resolve in his tenure. He proposed a direct tax upon the people, which was widely unpopular, and did not raise adequate funds to allow repudiation of the debt. He was also a staunch opponent of slavery, a unique position in a border-state like Maryland, decrying it as "altogether unworthy of enlightened statesmen, and should be by all patriots repudiated". He served as governor from 1842 until 1845, narrowly beating William Cost Johnson, who he succeeded as Maryland's 6th district congressman, in 1841 for a three-year term. Thomas was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1844.

Return to Congress and later life

After his term as Governor, Thomas served as a member of the Maryland State Constitutional convention in 1850. He was again elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress as a Unionist, as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses, and as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress, serving from March 4, 1861 until March 3, 1869. After leaving the House in 1869, he had served nine terms over almost four decades. He served as a delegate to the National Union Convention at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1866, and as collector of internal revenue for Maryland from 1870 until 1872.

Thomas was selected to serve as the United States Minister to Peru by President Grant, and did so from March 25, 1872 to July 9, 1875. Afterwards, he retired from public and professional life and devoted his time to agricultural pursuits.

On January 22, 1876, while overseeing improvements on his estate near Frankville, Maryland, Thomas was killed instantly when he was struck by a locomotive. He is interred in a vault in Rose Hill Cemetery of Cumberland, Maryland, above which reads: "The author of the measure which gave to Maryland the Constitution of 1864 and thereby gave freedom to 90,000 human beings". The statement is believed to have been written by Thomas before his death, and refers to the Maryland Constitution of 1864, which emancipated the slaves in Maryland.

References

• Francis Thomas at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved on 2009-04-14
• Our Campaigns profile

Political offices
Preceded by William Grason	Governor of Maryland 1842–1845	Succeeded by Thomas Pratt
Maryland House of Delegates
Preceded by John Grant Chapman	Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates 1829	Succeeded by Richard Thomas
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Michael C. Sprigg	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 4th congressional district 1831–1833	Succeeded by James P. Heath
Preceded by John Leeds Kerr	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 7th congressional district 1833–1835	Succeeded by Daniel Jenifer
Preceded by William Cost Johnson	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 6th congressional district 1835–1841	Succeeded by John T. Mason
Preceded by Jacob Michael Kunkel	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 5th congressional district 1861–1863	Succeeded by Benjamin G. Harris
Preceded by Henry May	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 4th congressional district 1863–1869	Succeeded by Patrick Hamill
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Thomas Settle	United States Minister to Peru July 10, 1872 – July 5, 1875	Succeeded by Richard Gibbs