List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles

For plug-in vehicles and cars powered exclusively on electricity, see list of production battery electric vehicles and currently available electric cars.

Two plug-in electric cars, a Honda Fit EV all-electric car (left) and a Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid (right), charging from an on-street public charging station in San Francisco.

This is a list of modern mass production highway-capable plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), and also includes those plug-ins at an advanced stage of development or being tested in demonstration programs. A PEV is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from any external source of electricity, and a subcategory of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles, (PHEVs), and plug-in conversions of hybrid electric vehicles depending on battery size and their all-electric range. Conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are not included.

Modern plug-in electric cars commercially produced

Main article: Plug-in electric vehicle

Models out of production (1970–2016)

List of modern PEV automobiles, pickups, vans and SUVs commercially produced from 1970
Model	Type of PEV(1)	Original MRSP(2) /Lease per month (current $)	Range (EV mode for PHEVs)	Comments
Models out of production (1970–2016)
Enfield 8000	BEV	GB£2,808	~35 mi (56 km)	British city car produced from 1973 to 1977 on the Isle of Wight. 120 units produced.
Zagato Zele	BEV	US$2,995 (1000 Series) US$3,395 (2000 Series)	50 mi (80 km)	Italian microcar produced from 1974 to 1976. Sold in Europe as well as the United States as the Zagato Elcar. Approximately 500 units produced.
Citicar	BEV	US$2,690	~50 mi (80 km)	American microcar produced from 1974 to 1977. An upgrade version was later produced as the Comuta-Car until 1979. Accounting all variants, a total of 4,444 units were produced, the most since 1945 from an American manufacturer until surpassed by the Tesla Model S.
Volkswagen Golf Mk2 citySTROMer	BEV	45,000DM (~US$34,000)	31 mi (50 km)	Sold in Europe from 1984 to 1985. Around 100 production units were produced.
Volkswagen Jetta citySTROMer	BEV	50,000DM (~US$37,000)	118 mi (190 km) (Lead-acid batteries) 155 mi (249 km) (Sodium-sulfur batteries)	Sold in Europe in from 1984 to at least 1987.
VAZ-1111E	BEV	-	~62 mi (100 km)	Built on order in the Soviet Union (later Russia) from 1989 to 1998.
Fiat Panda Elettra	BEV	€16,850 (~US$25,000)	62 mi (100 km)	Sold in Europe in 1990.
Fiat Cinquecento Elettra	BEV	140,000 francs (~US$159,000)	62 mi (100 km) (Lead-acid batteries) 93 mi (150 km) (NiCd batteries)	Produced from 1992 to 1996, popular in Italy, France and Switzerland. A total of 45 units were registered in Nowary.
Renault Clio Electrique	BEV	3,750,000 pesetas (~US$30,800)	85 km (53 mi)	Approximately 1000 units sold from 1992 to 1996, mostly in Sweden. A total of 26 units were registered in Nowary between 1996 and 2002.
Škoda Favorit Eltra 151 & 151L	BEV	25,000DM (~US$20,000)	50 mi (80 km)	Produced from 1992–1993; sold in Western Europe.
Chrysler TEVan	BEV	US$120,000	50 mi (80 km)	Only 56 units produced between 1993 and 1995. Sold primarily to electric utilities in the U.S.
Citroën AX Electrique	BEV	-	62 mi (100 km)	Around 300 units produced from 1995 to 1996.
Volkswagen Golf Mk3 citySTROMer	BEV	49,500DM (~US$37,000)	56 mi (90 km)	Sold in Europe in from 1995 to 1998 with around 300 produced. A total of 13 units were registered in Norway between 1995 and 1999
Fiat Seicento Elettra	BEV	€21,000 (~US$29,000)	56 mi (90 km)	Produced from 1995 to 2005, sold throughout Western Europe.
Citroën Saxo Electrique/Peugeot 106 Electrique	BEV	-	68 mi (109 km)	Produced from 1996 to 2003 and sold only in Europe, with approximately 12,000 units made. A total of 221 Citroën Saxo Electrique and 210 Peugeot 106 Electrique cars were registered in Norway through September 2013.
General Motors EV1	BEV	Leasing only US$349 to 499	75 mi (121 km)	A total of 1,117 units leased in the U.S. from 1996 to 2003. All cars were repossessed and most were crushed. About 40 units were delivered to museums and educational institutes with their electric powertrains deactivated. The only intact EV1 was donated to the Smithsonian Institution.
Toyota RAV4 EV	BEV	Leasing only US$457	100 mi (160 km)	A total of 1,484 units in the U.S. leased from 1997 to 2003. As of mid-2012, there were almost 500 units still in use.
Nissan Altra	BEV	Leasing only US$599	140 mi (230 km)	Produced from 1998 to 2001. A total of 81 units were leased in the U.S.
Dodge Caravan EPIC	BEV	Leasing only US$450	80 mi (130 km)	Produced from 1999 to 2001. Only 207 vans were produced for the U.S. market.
Honda EV Plus	BEV	Leasing only US$455	100 mi (160 km)	Around 276 units leased in the U.S. Production ended in 1999.
Ford TH!NK City	BEV	Leasing only	~50 mi (80 km)	Leased 440 units in the U.S. from 1999 until 2003.
Nissan Hypermini	BEV	4,000,000 yen (~US$46,600)	71 mi (114 km)	Sold and leased 219 units in Japan and the U.S. from 1999 to 2001.
Th!nk City	BEV	US$36,495(3)	100 mi (160 km)	First launched in December 2008 but production was halted due to financial difficulties. Production restarted in Finland in December 2009. Sold in several European countries and the U.S. In June 2011 Think Global filed for bankruptcy and production was halted. The new owner scheduled to restart production in early 2012 with a refined Think City. As of October 2010, a total of 2,500 untis had been manufactured at Oslo-based TH!NK’s production facility. Between 2010 and 2011 a total of 121 units were sold in France. Norway was the leading market with 1,120 units registered through September 2013.
Mini E	BEV	Leasing only US$850/month reduced to US$600 for 2nd year	100 mi (160 km)	Field testing with 500 units began in the U.S. in June 2009 and ended on December 2011. Testing in the U.K. began in December 2009 and ended in March 2011. and Munich in September 2010.
Tesla Roadster	BEV	US$109,500	245 mi (394 km)	Production began in March 2008 and ended in January 2012. More than 2,418 units were sold worldwide through September 2012. Most of the remaining Tesla Roadsters were sold in Europe and Asia during the fourth quarter of 2012. A total of 575 units had been sold in Europe through October 2012.
REVAi / G-Wiz REVA L-ion	BEV	US$12,500 to GB£15,795 (L-Ion)	48 mi (77 km) 75 mi (121 km) (L-ion)	Launched in 2001, it was followed in January 2009 by the REVA L-ion. The car was available in 26 countries including India, the UK, Norway, France, Germany, Spain, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Philippines. Production ended in 2012 and was replaced in 2013 by the Mahindra e2o. About 4,600 vehicles were sold worldwide by late 2013, with India as its main market with 55% of global sales. Sales in the UK, one of its main markets, ended by late 2011.
BYD F3DM	PHEV	149,800 yuan (~US$21,900) US market: US$28,800 Spain:€27,585	60 mi (97 km)	The F3DM is the world's first mass-produced plug-in hybrid automobile. The F3DM was launched in December 2008 for the Chinese market for fleet customers and in March 2010 to the general public in Shenzhen. Sales in Spain began in August 2011. Sales in the U.S. were scheduled for 2012 but never took place. Since 2008 a total of 3,284 F3DMs were sold in China through October 2013. Due to low sales, the F3DM will be replaced by the BYD Qin plug-in hybrid. As of May 2013, the F3DM was no longer in production, but the remaining stock was still on sale as of October 2013.
Coda	BEV	US$37,250 (basic model)	88 mi (142 km)	After rescheduling the market launch several times, deliveries to retail customers in the United States began in March 2012. The car was sold only in California and 117 units were delivered through April 2013. By September 2013, a total of 50 cars left in stock and 100 gliders were available for sale at a discounted price in the U.S. and abroad.
Fisker Karma	PHEV	US$102,000 (basic model) US$116,000 (top model)	32 mi (51 km)	The first deliveries in the United States took place in late July 2011, but deliveries to retail customers began in November 2011. Production was suspended in November 2012 due to financial difficulties. Fisker Automotive filed for bankruptcy in November 2013. Around 2,100 units were sold in North America and Europe through December 2013, led by the United States with over 1,600 units sold. The Netherlands was the top selling European market for the Karma, with 188 units, followed by Switzerland with 67 units, and Belgium with 65 units sold through December 2013. Sales in Canada totaled 90 units through December 2013.
BMW ActiveE	BEV	Leasing only US$499/month for 24 months + US$2,250 downpayment	94 mi (151 km)	Field testing in the U.S. began in January 2012, after the Mini E trial ended. Available only in Los Angeles, New York, San Diego, San Francisco, Sacramento, Boston, and select markets in Connecticut. This was a demonstration program only with no plans for a production version. The ActiveE was followed by mass-production of the BMW i3 electric car. A total of 671 units were leased in the U.S. through September 2013.
Lumeneo Neoma	BEV	€21,700 (~US$28,900)+ a monthly fee for the battery	140 km (87 mi)	Sales began in France in May 2013. The battery was leased for €145 per month. Only 3 units were sold during its first month in the market. After selling only 10 units Lumeneo filed for bankruptcy in November 2013.
Mia electric	BEV	€19,500 US$25,700	130 km (81 mi)	Production began in June 2011 and sales were limited to fleet customers in France and Germany. Sales to the public started in 2012. A total of 660 passenger cars were sold in Europe through October 2012. Also, 123 units of the Mia U box van were sold in Europe through October 2012. France was the leading market with 843 units registered since 2011 through March 2014. Production stopped in December 2013 due to financial problems. The Tribunal de Commerce de Niort placed the company in judicial liquidation on March 2014.
Honda Fit EV	BEV	Leasing only US$389/month for 3 years	82 mi (132 km)	Production will be limited to only 1,100 units over the first three years. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. began in July 2012 with availability limited to California and Oregon. Sales were scheduled to begin in selected markets in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, New York, and New Jersey by late February 2013. A total of 1,070 units were leased in the U.S. through April 2015. In July 2014 Honda announced the end of production of the Fit EV for the 2015 model, together with the Honda Insight hybrid and the Honda FCX Clarity hydrogen fuel-cell car. In March 2015 Honda offered a two-year lease extension to existing lessees, and also to new customers on used cars, at a reduced priced. In both cases there is no purchase option at the end of the lease. The Fit EV was released through leasing to local government and corporate customers in Japan in August 2012. Availability in Japan was limited to 200 units during its first two years.
RAV4 EV second generation	BEV	US$49,800	103 mi (166 km)	A demonstration program took place in 2011 with 35 converted RAV4s. U.S. sales began in late September 2012. Produced jointly by Toyota and Tesla Motors. Production was limited to 2,600 units through 2014 and was available only in California. The battery supply deal between Toyota and Tesla concluded at the end of 2014. The production run ended in September 2014. A total of 2,489 units were sold in the U.S. through April 2015.
Porsche 918 Spyder	PHEV	US$845,000	12 mi (19 km)	Porsche limited production to 918 units, sold as a 2014 model year. The supercar is capable of reaching 100 mph (160 km/h) in all-electric mode. Retail deliveries began in Europe in May 2014. Deliveries in the United States began in June 2014. The entire production run was sold out in December 2014. The country with the most orders was the United States with 297 units. Production ended in June 2015. The United States is the leading market with 231 units delivered through June 2015. A total of 19 units had been delivered in Canada by the end of June 2015. As of October 2014, a total of 9 units were registered in Switzerland, 6 in the Netherlands, and 4 in Sweden.
McLaren P1	PHEV	GB£866,000 (~ US$1,350,000)	19 mi (31 km)	Deliveries to retail customers started in the UK in October 2013. Production is limited to 375 units to maintain exclusivity. The entire production was sold out by mid November 2013. The production run ended in December 2015. According to JATO Dynamics, only 20 units were registered worldwide during the first nine months of 2014. The United States accounted for 34% of the limited production run, and Europe for 26%. About 127 units sold in the United States through December 2015. As of October 2014, a total of 12 P1s were registered in Switzerland during 2014.

Models available for retail customers (2007–2016)

List of modern PEV automobiles, pickups, vans and SUVs commercially available for sale or leasing
Model	Type of PEV(1)	Original MRSP(2) /Lease per month (current $)	Range (EV mode for PHEVs)	Comments
Models currently available in some markets (2007–2016)
Buddy	BEV	144,900 kroner (~US$24,000) to 186,850 kroner (~US$30,500)	50 mi (80 km)(Lead-acid battery) 75 mi (121 km) (NiMH battery)	Produced in Norway since 2007 as a successor to the Kewet. Deliveries of an enhanced model began in January 2010. As of September 2013, a total of 1,087 units were registered in Norway, the leading market, consisting of 2 Kewet CITI VANs, 22 Kewet EL-JET (1-4)s, 50 Kewet CITI JET 5s, 379 Buddy M9 (2010-2013), and 634 Kewet Buddy Citi-Jet 6 (2005-2009). Since its inception in 1991, combined sales of the Kewet and Buddy totaled about 1,500 units through October 2013. As of March 2016, the Buddy was still on sale.
Mitsubishi i-MiEV (rebadged also as Peugeot iOn and Citroën C-ZERO )	BEV	4 million yen (~US$43,000) to US$29,125 (US)	100 mi (160 km)	The i-MiEV is the world's first modern highway-capable mass production electric car. Fleet leasing began in Japan in July 2009, and retail sales began in Japan in April 2010, followed by Hong Kong and Australia in 2010, and several European countries, Costa Rica, Chile, Canada and the U.S. in 2011. As of early March 2015, and accounting for all variants of the i-MiEV family, including the rebadged Peugeot iOn and Citroën C-Zero sold in Europe, and the two minicab versions sold in Japan, over 50,000 units have been sold worldwide since 2009. Sales of the passenger model are led by Japan with 10,423 i-MiEVs sold through December 2014. followed by Norway with 5,334 units sold, including 2,589 i-MiEVs, 1,352 C-Zeros, and 1,393 iOns; France with 4,772 units, including 2,419 iOns, 2,241 C-Zeros, and 112 i-MiEVs; Germany with 2,494 units registered, including 976 i-MiEVs, 965 C-Zeros and 553 iOns; and the U.S. with a total of 1,893 Mitsubishi i's sold through December 2014.
Chery QQ3 EV	BEV	CN¥40,000 (~US$6,480) after incentives	100 km (62 mi)	Deliveries began in China in March 2010. The QQ3 EV was the top selling new energy car in China between 2011 and 2013, with 2,167 units sold in 2011, 3,129 in 2012, and 5,727 in 2013. Cumulative sales since January 2011 through June 2054 reached 22,097 units.
JAC J3 EV	BEV	CN¥158,000 (~US$25,595)	130 km (81 mi)	Launched in China in 2010. Cumulative sales reached 10,161 units through June 2015. A third generation model, called JAC J3 iev, was launched in September 2012.
Tazzari Zero	BEV	€20,300 (~US$29,200) GB£21,500 (~US$34,850)	140 km (87 mi)	Sales began in several European countries in 2010. A total of 34 units were sold in Norway in 2011.
Nissan Leaf	BEV	US$32,780(4) (MY 2011) US$36,020 (MY 2012) US$29,650 (MY 2013)	MY 2011/12 73 mi (117 km) MY 2013 75 mi (121 km) MY 2014/15 84 mi (135 km) MY 2016 107 mi (172 km)	Retail deliveries began in the U.S. and Japan, and fleet customers in Portugal in December 2010. As of February 2013, the Leaf is also available in Australia, Canada, 17 European countries and other international markets. Beginning in June 2013 the 2013 model built in the UK has a battery leasing option that varies from GB£70 (US$108) to GB£129 (US$198) per month depending on the miles driven per year and length of the lease. This option reduces the purchase price by GB£5,000 (US$7,680) compared with buying the car with the battery included. A similar option will be available in most European countries. As of December 2015, the Nissan Leaf the world's best-selling highway-capable electric car in history. Global Leaf cumulative sales passed the 200,000 unit milestone by early December 2015, five years after its introduction. As of January 2016, the United States is the top selling market with 90,346 units, followed by Japan with 60,202, Europe with over 49,100 through December 2015, and Canada 3,270 units up until January 2016. As of December 2015, the European market leader is Norway with 15,245 new Leafs registered (over 20,000 units registered if used imports are included), and the UK with 12,433 units sold.
Chevrolet Volt (1st generation) Opel Ampera Chevrolet Volt (2nd generation)	PHEV	1st generation US$41,000 (MY 2011) US$39,995 (MY 2012) US$34,995 (MY 2014) 2nd generation US$33,995 (MY 2016)	1st generation 35 mi (56 km) 2nd generation 53 mi (85 km)	Volt deliveries in the U.S. began in December 2010 and in September 2011 in Canada. European customer deliveries of the Opel Ampera began in February 2012. Global Volt/Ampera family cumulative sales passed the 100,000 unit milestone in October 2015. As of January 2016, sales are led by the Chevrolet Volt, with the United States as the main market with 89,746 units sold, followed by Canada with 5,509 units, and the Netherlands with 1,065 units registered until December 2014. As of December 2015, almost 10,000 Opel/Vauxhall Amperas had been sold in Europe. As of September 2015, the Netherlands ranked as the leading market with 4,976 Amperas registered, followed by Germany with 1,539 Amperas, and the UK with 1,250 units registered by the end of June 2015. In July 2014, Opel announced that due to the slowdown in sales, the Ampera will be discontinued after the launch of second generation Volt. Production of the first generation 2015 model year Volt ended in mid-May 2015, while manufacturing of pre-production units of the second generation began in March 2015. Retail sales of the second generation Volt are scheduled to begin in the second half of 2015 as a 2016 model year. In April 2015, General Motors confirmed that it will not build the second generation Volt in right-hand-drive configuration. Due to low sales in Australia the Holden Volt will be discontinued once the remaining stock is sold out. Retail deliveries of the second generation Volt began in the U.S. and Canada in October 2015 as a 2016 model year. Availability in the American market is limited to California and the other 10 states that follow California’s zero emission vehicle regulations. The second generation Volt is scheduled to go on sale as a 2017 model year in the 39 remaining states by the second quarter of 2016.
Smart electric drive	BEV	2nd generation Leasing only GB£375/month (UK) US$599/mo (US) 3rd generation US$25,750 (US)	2nd generation 63 mi (101 km) 3rd generation 90 mi (140 km)	Field testing began in London with 100 units in 2007. The second generation was introduced in 2009 and leasing in the U.S. began in January 2011, limited to 250 units. Deliveries of the third generation model began in the U.S. in May 2013, and are scheduled to begin in Europe during the second quarter of 2013, and will be available in more than 30 markets worldwide. More than 8,800 units have been sold in North America and Europe through June 2014. This figure includes over 2,300 units of the second generation models leased in 18 markets around the world between 2009 and October 2012. Of these, 1,721 units were registered in Europe through October 2012, and 527 units in the U.S. through December 2012. During 2013 a total of 4,130 units of the third generation were sold worldwide. Over 6,500 units of the third generation have been sold through June 2014. As of June 2014, combined sales of both generations reached 3,959 units in Germany, 2,542 units in the U.S. and 865 units in France.
125px Wheego Whip LiFe	BEV	US$32,995	100 mi (160 km)	U.S. sales began in April 2011. A total of 34 units have been sold by March 2012.
Volvo C30 DRIVe Electric	BEV	€1,500/mo (US$1,955) Leasing only	93 mi (150 km)	Field testing with 50 units took place in Göteborg, Sweden in 2010. Limited production began in June 2011 and leasing to fleet customers in Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands and Norway began in the third quarter of 2011. A total of 209 units have been leased in Europe through October 2012. Since 2011 a total of 149 units have been delivered in Sweden through March 2013.
BYD e6	BEV	369,800 RMB ~US$32,995	190 mi (310 km)	Sales to the general public began in October, 2011, in Shenzhen, China. A total of 33 units were sold in 2010, 401 in 2011, 1,690 in 2012, 1,544 in 2013, and cumulative sales in China reached 14,257 units through December 2015.
Bolloré Bluecar	BEV	€19,000 (US$24,850) + €80/mo (US$105) fee for the battery (VAT not included)	250 km (160 mi)	The Bluecar was deployed in December 2011 as part of the Autolib' carsharing in Paris. Leasing to individual and corporate customers began in October 2012 limited to the Île-de-France area. Retail sales began in February 2013. Owners can access the Autolib' network of charging stations around Paris for an optional monthly fee of €15 (US$20). A total of 4,521 units have been registered in France through September 2015, with over 2,000 units deployed for the Autolib' carsharing program. The Bolloré Bluecar was the top selling highway-capable electric car in the French market in 2012.
Ford Focus Electric	BEV	US$39,995	76 mi (122 km)	U.S. Deliveries for fleet customers began in December 2011 and to retail customers in May 2012. Initially sales are limited to New York, New Jersey and California. A total of 3,965 units have been delivered in the U.S. through September 2014.
Renault Fluence Z.E.	BEV	205,000 DKK (€27,496) + a monthly fee for the battery	100 mi (160 km)	The Fluence Z.E. was the only electric car deployed within the Better Place network in Israel and Denmark. Less than 1,000 units were deployed in Israel and around 400 units in Denmark through May 2013, when the company filed for bankruptcy. Since 2012 the Fluence Z.E. is sold in South Korea as the SM3 Z.E. under the Renault Samsung Motors badge. Since 2010 a total of 3,935 units have been sold worldwide through October 2014, with 2,384 registered in Europe. In France, 727 units have been registered through October 2014.
Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid (1st generation)	PHEV	US$32,000 (base) to US$39,525 (advanced)	11 mi (18 km)	Launched in Japan in late January 2012, and released in the U.S. in late February 2012. Deliveries in Europe started in June 2012 and sales in Canada began in September 2012. Production of the first generation Prius Plug-in ended in June 2015. Production of the next generation plug-in is expected to start in about October 2016. As of April 2016, a total of 75,400 Prius PHVs had been sold worldwide, with the United States as the market leader with 42,320 units delivered through April 2016. Japan is the second largest market with about 22,100 units sold, followed by the European market with cumulative sales of about 10,500 units delivered, both through April 2016. The leading European markets are the Netherlands with 4,134 units registered by the end of November 2015, followed by the UK with 1,501 units registered as of September 2015, and Sweden with 1,217 units registered through December 2015.
Tesla Model S	BEV	US$95,400 to US$105,400 (premium) US$57,400 to US$77,400 (base)	265 mi (426 km) (model with 85 kWh pack) 208 mi (335 km) (model with 60 kWh pack)	Deliveries of the 85 kW·h premium limited edition model in the U.S. began in June 2012. Base models with 60 kW·h and 85 kW·h. packs were released during the first quarter of 2013. Retail deliveries started in Europe in August 2013. Deliveries in China began in April 2014. First deliveries of the right-hand-drive model destined for the UK, Australia, Hong Kong and Japan began in the second quarter of 2014. In December 2015 global Model S sales passed the 100,000 unit milestone. As of December 2015, the United States is the leading market with an estimated 63,161 units sold, followed by Norway with 10,062 units registered, China with 5,524 units registered through September 2015, and the Netherlands with 4,382 units registered at the end of December 2015. In June 2015, three years after the Model S introduction, Tesla announced that Model S owners globally have accumulated over 1 billion electric miles (1.6 billion km) traveled. The Tesla Model S is the first plug-in electric vehicle fleet to reach the 1 billion electric miles milestone. The Model S was the world's best-selling plug-in electric car in 2015. As of December 2015, a total of 107,228 Model S sedans have been sold worldwide since its introduction, ranking as the world's second best selling plug-in car ever after the Nissan Leaf (200,000).
Ford C-Max Energi	PHEV	US$33,745	20 mi (32 km)	Released in the U.S. by mid October 2012. Over 27,000 units have been sold in North America and Europe through December 2015, with 25,552 units delivered in the U.S. 609 units in Canada, and 1,229 in the Netherlands.
Renault Zoe	BEV	€20,700 (US$27,250) + a monthly fee for the battery	210 km (130 mi)	Retail customer deliveries began in France in limited number in December 2012, and availability was increased in France and the rest of Europe during the first quarter of 2013. The cost of leasing the battery for 36 months starts from €79/month (US$104/month). Global sales passed the 25,000 unit milestone in May 2015. As of April 2016, sales were led by France with 26,210 units registered. As of December 2015, it was followed by Germany with 4,304 units, and the UK with 3,327 units registered at the end of 2015. Cumulative global sales totaled 47,083 units by the end of April 2016. The milestone of 50,000 units produced was reached in April 2016.
Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	~ €50,000 ~ GB£40,000	50 km (31 mi)	Deliveries began in Sweden in late 2012 and in the UK in June 2013. According to Volvo, the first 1,000 units were sold before deliveries had begun, and production was ramp up to 5,000 units for 2013. The V60 PHEV is the world's first diesel plug-in hybrid. The car is not expected to be available in the U.S. A total of 19,571 units have sold in Europe through December 2015. As of October 2015, sales are led by the Netherlands with 11,169 units registered, followed by Sweden with 1,388 units registered through December 2014.
Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	US$39,780	13 mi (21 km)	Sales began in the U.S. available only in California and New York in January 2013. The Accord PHEV was introduced in Japan in June 2013 and it is available only for leasing, primarily to corporations and government agencies. As of December 2013, the Accord PHEV ranks as the third best selling plug-in hybrid in the Japanese market. A total of 1,034 units have been sold in the United States through June 2015. In June 2015 Honda announced that the Accord Plug-in Hybrid will be discontinued after the 2015 model year, together with the Civic hybrid and natural gas variants. The company plans to launch of a new dedicated plug-in hybrid and battery electric models after the introduction of Honda's next generation fuel cell vehicle in 2016.
Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV	PHEV	¥3,324,000 US$36,650 to ¥4,297,000 (US$47,380)	60 km (37 mi)	The P-HEV was released in the Japanese market in January 2013. The Outlander P-HEV is the first SUV plug-in hybrid in the market. The European launched was originally scheduled for July 2013, but retail sales began in the Netherlands until October 2013 due to battery problems in the initial production batch. The introduction in the United States has been delayed several times. As of December 2015, U.S. deliveries are scheduled to begin by August 2016 as a 2017 model year. Cumulative global sales passed the 100,000 unit milestone in March 2016. Europe is the leading market with 65,529 units sold, followed by Japan with 33,730 units, and Australia with 2,015. European sales are led by the Netherlands with 24,572 units registered, followed by the UK with 21,053 units registered, both at the end of March 2016. The Outlander P-HEV was the top selling plug-in electric vehicle in Europe in 2014, and continued leading PEV sales during the first ten months of 2015. Also the Outlander P-HEV ranked as the world's top selling plug-in hybrid in 2014, and as the third best selling plug-in electric car after the all-electrics Tesla Model S and Nissan Leaf. As of December 2015, the Outlander P-HEV ranks as the all-time fourth top selling plug-in electric vehicle in the world.
Roewe E50	BEV	CN¥234,900 (US$37,589)	180 km (110 mi)	Available only in China, with 238 units sold in 2012 and 7 units during the first half of 2013. Deliveries began in Shanghai in January 2013.
Rimac Concept One	BEV	~€740,500	310 mi (500 km)	The car is capable of reaching 308 km/h (191 mph). Between January 2013 and October 2014, eight cars have been manufactured and sold.
Ford Fusion Energi	PHEV	US$39,495 (Feb 2013) US$35,525 (Jan 2014)	20 mi (32 km)	Released in the U.S. in February 2013. More than 27,800 units have been sold in North America through December 2015, with 27,389 units delivered in the U.S. and 429 units in Canada.
Mahindra e2o	BEV	Rs 7.0 lakh (US$12,900) to Rs 8.5 lakh (US$15,670)	100 km (62 mi)	Market release was re-scheduled several times. Previously known as the REVA NXR, it was launched in India in March 2013. Sales in Europe are planned for late 2013. Under 1,000 units were sold in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka during 2013.
125px Chevrolet Spark EV	BEV	US$27,495	82 mi (132 km)	The first all-electric car from General Motors after the GM EV1 was released in limited quantities in the U.S. in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013. The Spark EV was released in South Korea in October 2013. Retail sales were scheduled to begin in Maryland in the second quarter of 2015. Sales totaled 4,161 units in the American market through November 2015.
Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Electric Drive	BEV	€416,500 (US$544,236) in Germany	250 km (160 mi)	Limited production. Sales began in Europe in June 2013.
Fiat 500e	BEV	US$32,500	87 mi (140 km)	Launched in July 2013, the 500e is initially available only in California. About 2,148 units have been sold in the U.S. through December 2014.
Volkswagen e-Up!	BEV	€26,900 (~US$34,500)	160 km (99 mi)	Retail sales in Germany and other European countries began in October 2013. A total of 9,157 e-Up! cars have been sold in Europe through October 2015.
BMW i3	BEV and PHEV option	€34,950 (US$46,400) in Germany US$42,275 in the U.S. plus US$3,850 for range-extender option.	130 to 160 km (80 to 100 mi) with range extender 240 to 300 km (150 to 190 mi)	A “REx” range extender option is available. The first i3 deliveries to retail customers in Europe took place at the official market launch ceremony held in Munich on 15 November 2013. The i3 was also launched in the UK in November 2013. The release in the American market took place in May 2014. As of December 2015, global cumulative sales totaled 41,586 units. As of December 2015, the United States ranked as the top selling market with 17,116 units sold, followed by Germany with 5,063 units registered, Norway with 4,494 units, and the UK with 3,747 units registered. The i3 ranked third among all-electric cars sold worldwide in 2014, and againg ranked third in 2015. It also ranked fifth in 2015 among the world's top selling plug-in electric cars. As of November 2015, the i3 ranked as the world's third best selling all-electric car in history.
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid	PHEV	€110,409 in Germany US$99,000 in the U.S.	32 km (20 mi)	Released in the U.S. in October 2013, and during the fourth quarter of 2013 in several European countries. As of December 2013, a total of 90 units had been delivered in France, 86 units in the United States, 59 in the Netherlands,< 14 in Spain, and about 12 in Germany. Cumulative sales in the U.S. reached 698 units through August 2014. Global sales between January and August 2014 totaled over 1,500 units, presenting 9% of all Panamera models sold worldwide.
Kandi EV	BEV	Leasing only US$130 to US$160 per month	120 km (75 mi)	The Kandi EV city car was deployed in 2013 in China as part of the Kandi EV CarShare, an electric car vending machine-like carsharing program in the city of Hangzhou. The car is also available for leasing of between 1 and 3 years. Sales totaled 5,239 units in the first half of 2014.
BYD Qin	PHEV/BEV	189,800 rmb (~US$31,000)	70 km (43 mi)	Retails sales of the Qin began in Costa Rica in November 2013, and sales in other Latin American countries were scheduled to begin in 2014. Retail sales were initially scheduled to begin in Shenzhen in August 2013, and after being rescheduled several times, deliveries began in China in mid December 2013. Cumulative sales in China passed the 50,000 unit milestone in April 2016. The Qin ranked as the top selling plug-in electric car in China in 2014, and became the all-time top selling plug-in passenger car in the country. The Qin continued to rank as the all-time top selling passenger NEV in China, with 31,898 units sold in 2015. The BYD Qin was the world's second best selling plug-in hybrid car in 2015 after the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, and also ranked fifth in 2015 among the world's top selling plug-in electric cars.
SAIC Roewe 550 PHEV	PHEV	248,800 rmb (~US$40,600)	58 km (36 mi)	Retails sales of the Roewe 550 PHEV began in China in November 2013. Cumulative sales totaled 11,711 units through December 2015.
Cadillac ELR	PHEV	US$75,995	35 mi (56 km)	Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. began in December 2013, with 6 units sold. Production ended in February 2016. As of April 2016, cumulative sales in North America totaled about 2,800 units, with 2,697 units delivered in the American market through April 2016. and 78 units in Canada through March 2016.
BMW Brilliance Zinoro 1E	BEV	Leasing only 7,400 RMB per month (~US$1,200)	150 km (93 mi)	Only available for leasing in Beijing and Shanghai.
Kia Soul EV	BEV	42 million won ( ~US$39,400) in South Korea US$33,700 in the U.S.	93 mi (150 km)	Deliveries began in South Korea in May 2014. European sales began in July 2014. Sales in the U.S. began in the last quarter of 2014, initially it was sold only in California and Oregon, and several Eastern states with the largest EV markets and infrastructure including New York, New Jersey and Maryland. The 10,000 unit mark was passed in January 2016, with Europe as the leading market with 6,770 units sold, followed by South Korea with 1,580, and the United States with 1,411. As of December 2015, the leading European markets are Germany with 3,853 units sold, and Norway with 1,637 units.
BMW i8	PHEV	US$135,925 (~ €103,000 GB£86,800)	37 km (23 mi)(NEDC) 15 mi (24 km) (EPA)	Retail deliveries began in Germany in June 2014. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. started in August 2014. Global deliveries to retail customers totaled 7,197 units through December 2015. The United States is the leading market with 2,820 units delivered through December 2015, followed by the UK with 823 units registered at the end of June 2015, and Germany with 793 units registered through December 2015.
Volkswagen XL1	PHEV	€111,000 (~US$146,000)	50 km (31 mi)	Production began by mid 2013 and it will be limited to 250 units, of which, only 200 will be sold to retail customers. Retail deliveries began in Germany in June 2014. VW expects its diesel-powered PHEV to achieve 0.9 l/100 km (260 mpg‑US), becoming the most fuel-efficient car in the world.
Volkswagen e-Golf	BEV	€34,900 (~US$47,800) in Europe US$35,445 in the U.S.	130 to 190 km (81 to 118 mi)	Field testing planned with 500 units. The first 10 units began field testing in Wolfsburg in May 2011. A second batch of 80 test cars began testing in mid-2011 in Berlin, Hannover and Wolfsburg. In February 2012, field testing began in California, and a total of 20 eGolfs will be allocated to the U.S. test program. Retail deliveries began in Europe in May 2014, and in October 2014 in the U.S. in selected markets. As of December 2015, a total of 19,131 units have been sold worldwide, with 14,542 in Europe and 4,589 units in the U.S.
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive	BEV	US$41,450	87 mi (140 km)	Deliveries began in the U.S. in July 2014. A total of 448 units have been sold in the U.S. through November 2014.
Audi A3 Sportback e-tron	PHEV	€37,000 US$49,000	50 km (31 mi)	Field testing in the U.S. began by mid-2012 with a fleet of 17 all-electric A3s. The testing was conducted among Audi's engineers and company employees only. Audi decided to produce only a plug-in hybrid version. Sales across Europe began in August 2014. Deliveries in the U.S. began in December 2015. The first 227 units were registered in Germany in August 2014. As of December 2015, global sales totaled 12,994 units, of which 12,945 units were registered in Europe and 49 units in the United States.
Volkswagen Golf GTE	PHEV	€36,900 (~US$48,390)	50 km (31 mi)	The market launch in Europe was scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2014. The first units were registered in Germany in August 2014. European sales totaled 18,397 through December 2015.
Mercedes-Benz S 500 e	PHEV	€108,945 (~US$146,000)	14 mi (23 km)	Deliveries began in Europe in September 2014, and in the U.S. in July 2015. A total of 621 units have been registered in Europe through October 2015, and 83 in the U.S. through November 2015.
Venucia e30	BEV	CN¥267,800 (~ US$43,705)	160 km (99 mi)	The Venucia e30 is the Chinese manufactured version of the Nissan Leaf, and as such, shares many features of the Leaf, including bodywork, dimensions, and electric-drive specifications. Dongfeng Nissan started pilot projects in Guangzhou, Xiangyang and Dalian in 2013, with a total of 300 rebadged Leafs deployed since local production of the Venucia e30 had not begun at the time. Retail sales of the Venucia e30, began in September 2014. Initially the e30 is available in nine cities: Beijing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Wuhan and Zhengzhou. Nationwide availability is expected for 2015. A total of 582 units were sold in 2014.
Denza	BEV	CN¥369,000 (~ US$59,000)	300 km (190 mi)	Deliveries to retail customers were scheduled to begin in September 2014. The Denza is available initially only in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. Sales totaled 132 units in 2014.
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid	PHEV	€82,087 (~US$110,000) in Germany US$76,400 in the U.S.	14 mi (23 km)	Deliveries in Germany were scheduled to begin in October 2014. Sales in the U.S. began November 2014. A total of 45 units were sold during its first month in the American market.
Chery eQ	BEV	CN¥150,000 (~US$24,160)	200 km (120 mi)	Deliveries began in China in November 2014. A total of 542 units were sold in the country in 2014, and cumulative sales totaled 2,671 units through June 2015.
Volkswagen Passat GTE	PHEV	Not available	50 km (31 mi)	The Passat GTE is the first plug-in hybrid available as both sedan and station wagon. The first demo units were registered in Germany in January 2015. A total of 1,067 units have been sold in Europe through October 2015.
Mercedes-Benz C 350 e	PHEV	€50,962 for the Saloon €52,628 for the Estate including VAT	31 km (19 mi)	Available in two version, Saloon and Estate, the plug-in hybrid was released in Europe in March 2015. A total of 2,599 units have been sold in Europe through October 2015.
Audi Q7 e-tron	PHEV	Not available	56 km (35 mi)	The first units of the diesel-powered SUV were registered in Germany in April 2015. Cumulative sales in Germany totaled 344 units through April 2016.
BYD Tang	PHEV	CN¥300,000 (~ US$48,000)	80 km (50 mi)	Deliveries of the SUV began in China in June 2015. A total of 30,741 units have been sold in China through April 2016.
Volvo XC90 T8	PHEV	US$68,100	43 km (27 mi) (NEDC) 23 km (14 mi) (EPA)	Deliveries of the XC90 T8 PHEV began in the United States in August 2015. According to Volvo, sales of the plug-in variant represent 20% of Volvo XC90 global sales by mid-March 2016. Sales in Europe totaled 2,653 units in 2015. Cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 488 units up until February 2016.
Tesla Model X	BEV	Signature series starts at US$132,000	257 mi (414 km) (Model AWD - 90D)	Production was initially scheduled to start by the end of 2013, and later postponed several times in order to achieve Model S production targets and to focus on overseas roll outs. The first six units were delivered in the U.S. in September 2015. About 2,700 Model X vehicles have been sold by early April 2016.
BYD e5	BEV	Not available	220 km (137 mi)	Launched in China in September 2015, a total of 1,426 units sold in 2015.
BMW X5 xDrive40e	PHEV	Starts at US$63,095	23 km (14 mi)	The production version was unveiled at the 2015 Shanghai Motor Show. Retail deliveries in the U.S. began in October 2015. A total of 285 units have been sold in the U.S. through November 2015, and 371 in Europe through October 2015.
Hyundai Sonata PHEV	PHEV	Not available	27 mi (43 km)	The Sonata PHEV was released in the U.S. in November 2015 with 15 units delivered during its first month in the American market.
Volvo S60L PHEV	PHEV	Not available	53 km (33 mi)	The first 181 S60L PHEVs were delivered in China in November 2015.
BMW 330e iPerformance	PHEV	US$44,695	14 mi (23 km)	The first units were delivered in Europe by late 2015. A total of 68 units were sold in the Netherlands by the end of 2015. Retail sales in the U.S. are scheduled to begin by mid-2016.
Detroit Electric SP.01	BEV	US$135,000	180 mi (290 km)	Sales in the United States were scheduled to begin in August 2013. Production was delayed because, as of August 2013, the company had not been able to secure an agreement for a manufacturing facility. In 2015 the production facility was finally located in Leamington Spa, UK, and manufacturing began in late 2015. The first production unit was exported to China in February 2016 to be used as a demonstrator.
BYD Qin EV300	BEV	259,800 rmb (~US$40,200	300 km (190 mi)	Launched in China in March 2016. A total of 474 units were sold in China between March and April 2016.
Notes: PHEV: Plug-in hybrid vehicle, BEV: Battery electric vehicle or electric car. (1) Plug-in conversions are not included. (2) Sales price does not reflect any government incentives or tax credits, except where noted. Prices are shown for comparison purposes only. Actual price may vary by country and by dealership.(3) U.S. price (4) US$32,780 is U.S. price, ¥3.76 million (US$40,500) in Japan, €32,839 (US$40,800) in the Netherlands and €34,955 (US$43,400) in Portugal, all before any government incentive and exchange rate as of May 18, 2010.

Plug-in electric cars for testing and pre-production

List of modern PEV automobiles, pickups, vans and SUVs developed for field testing and pre-production (2009–2016)
Model	Type of PEV(1)	Original MRSP(2) /Lease per month (current $)	Range (EV mode for PHEVs)	Comments
PEVs currently undergoing field testing or demonstration programs
Ford Escape Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	Not available	30 mi (48 km)	Field testing with 20 units began in 2009 with utility company fleets in the U.S. and Canada.
Volvo V70 Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	Not available	20 to 30 km (12 to 19 mi)	Field testing with two demonstrators in Göteborg, Sweden since December 2009. Sales of a series production diesel-electric plug-in hybrid scheduled as early as 2012.
Suzuki Swift Range Extender	PHEV	Not available	25.5 km (15.8 mi)	Field testing with 60 units in Japan was scheduled for late 2010. Initially sales were slated for 2013. In March 2014 Maruti Suzuki announced that it will provide several copies of the production version, renamed Swift Range Extender, as part of a pilot project to be conducted in partnership with the Indian government during 2014-15.
Audi A1 e-tron	PHEV	Not available	31 mi (50 km)	Field testing planned for late 2010 with 20 units in Munich.
Hyundai BlueOn	BEV	Not available	86 mi (138 km)	Field testing with 30 units in South Korea by late 2010. Sales scheduled by late 2012 limited to domestic market.
Tata Indica Vista EV	BEV	GB£29,000	110 mi (180 km)	Field testing in the West Midlands began in April 2011 with 25 units. Market launch in the UK was scheduled for mid-2011 and postponed. Demonstration program in the UK will continue with Tata employees.
Dodge Ram 1500 Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	Not available	20 mi (32 km)	Field testing in the United States with 140 units began in 2011 with local and state governments, utility companies, and a U.S. Army base. This is a demonstration program only, and Chrysler has no plans for a production version. In September 2012 Chrysler halted the program and recalled all 109 units deployed at the time due to damage sustained by three separate pickup trucks when their 12.9-kilowatt-hour battery packs overheated. The carmaker plans to upgrade the battery packs with cells that use a different lithium-ion chemistry before the vehicles go back on service. Also 23 Chrysler Town & Country plug-in hybrids part of the program were recalled, even though no minivans were involved in any fire incidents.
Mercedes A-Class E-Cell	BEV	Leasing only (pricing not available)	124.3 mi (200 km)	Demonstration program with 500 cars was scheduled to begin in September 2011 in several European countries, including Germany, France, and the Netherlands.
Volkswagen Golf Variant Twin Drive	PHEV	Not available	57 km (35 mi)	Field testing with 20 research vehicles began in early 2011. Production is expected for 2015.
Saab 9-3 ePower	BEV	Not available	200 km (124 mi)	Field testing with 70 ePower demonstrators in Sweden was scheduled for late 2011. It is unknown how many cars were built before the carmaker went bankrupt. The new owners, NEV Sweden, stated that they intend to start producing the all-electric 9-3 ePower to be launched in China in 2015. The production version is slated to be unveiled at the 2014 Frankfurt Motor Show. In April 2014 NEV began production of a batch of 200 units to be tested in Qingdao, China by mid 2014. After the test, sales are scheduled to begin in Sweden in 2015.
Kia Ray EV	BEV	Not available	138 km (86 mi)	Production limited to 2,500 units to be delivered in 2012 for South Korea's government agencies use. In May 2013 a carsharing service was rolled out in Seoul with 184 Kia Ray EVs. The service has 15,000 registered customers. The Ray EV is a predecessor to an all-electric crossover that Kia is expected to launch globally in 2014.
Scion iQ EV (U.S.) Toyota eQ (Japan)	BEV	¥3.6 million (~US$$45,000)	80 km (50 mi)	Initially Toyota announced that production would be limited to 600 units, with 400 staying in Japan, 100 units destined to the U.S. and another 100 for Europe. In September 2012 Toyota announced that the iQ EV/eQ production would be still more limited, to about 100 units for special fleet use in Japan and the U.S. only. The first 30 units were delivered to the University of California, Irvine in March 2013 for use in its Zero Emission Vehicle-Network Enabled Transport (ZEV-NET) carsharing fleet. Toyota announced that 90 out of the 100 vehicles produced globally will be placed in American carsharing demonstration projects. In September 2013, another 30 units were allocated to City Carshare to operate Dash, a three-year pilot carsharing program in Hacienda Business Park, in Pleasanton, California.
Sail Springo EV	BEV	RMB 258,000 (US$41,460)	130 km (81 mi)	11 units were deployed in 2012. A limited number of cars are scheduled to be sold in Shanghai in 2013 as part of a trial program.
PEVs with market launch scheduled between 2016–2019
Audi R8 e-tron	BEV	Not available	450 km (280 mi)	Released was scheduled for 2015.
BMW 740e iPerformance	PHEV	Not available	25 mi (40 km)	Sales of the 740e iPerformance are scheduled to begin by mid-2016.
Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid	PHEV	Not available	30 mi (48 km)	A two-year demonstration program with 25 E85 flexible-fuel Chrysler Town & Country plug-in minivans began in April 2012. The first units were delivered in Auburn Hills, Michigan and Charlotte, North Carolina. The plug-in hybrid version of the next-generation Chrysler Pacifica minivan, marketed as Pacifica Hybrid, was shown at the 2016 Detroit Auto Show with a scheduled launched in the U.S. in the second half of 2016.
Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	Not available	37 mi (60 km)	Scheduled for 2016 as part of the new Cadillac CT6 line-up.
Kia Optima PHEV	PHEV	Not available	27 mi (43 km)	Sales are scheduled to begin in the U.S. during the fourth quarter of 2016.
Toyota Prius Prime (2nd gen. Prius PHV)	PHEV	Not available	22 mi (35 km)	Sales are scheduled to begin in the U.S. by late 2016.
Chevrolet Bolt/ Opel Ampera-e	BEV	US$37,500	200 mi (320 km)	Production is scheduled to begin in late 2016 and expected to go on sale in the U.S. in 2017. The European version, marketed as the Opel Ampera-e, will go into production in 2017.
Hyundai Ioniq Electric	BEV	Not available	110 mi (180 km)	Sales are scheduled to begin in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2017.
Hyundai Ioniq Plug-in	PHEV	Not available	31 mi (50 km)	Sales are scheduled to begin in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Honda Clarity Electric	BEV	Not available	Not available	Sales are scheduled to begin in the U.S. in 2017.
Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	Not available	40 mi (64 km)	Sales are scheduled to begin in the U.S. in 2017, and available in all 50 states.
Tesla Model 3	BEV	US$35,000	215 mi (346 km)	Deliveries in the U.S. are scheduled to begin by the end 2017 or later.
Notes: PHEV: Plug-in hybrid vehicle, BEV: Battery electric vehicle or electric car. (1) Plug-in conversions are not included. (2) Sales price does not reflect any government incentives or tax credits. Prices are shown for comparison purposes only. Actual price may vary by country, by region and by dealership.

Modern plug-in electric motorcycles commercially produced

See also: Electric motorcycles and scooters

List of modern PEV motorcycles commercially produced (1990–2016)
Model	Type of PEV(1)	Original MRSP(2) /Lease per month (current $)	Range (EV mode for PHEVs)	Comments
Models out of production
Peugeot Scoot'Elec	BEV	unknown	25 mi (40 km)	Electric scooter with over 3,500 units sold from 1996 to 2006.
Yamaha Passol	BEV	¥200,000 (1,625 USD)	32 km (20 mi)	2002–2007; production halted after Li-ion battery recall
Yamaha EC-02	BEV	~US$2,000	40 mi (64 km)	Light electric motorcycle released in 2005 and discontinued in 2007. It glows in the dark and comes with iPod connectivity.
Models currently available in some markets
Brammo Enertia	BEV	US$7,995	40 mi (64 km)	Sales began in July 2009, and sales began at select Best Buy stores in August 2009.
Piaggio MP3 Hybrid	PHEV	€9,000 (~US$11,600)	12.5 mi (20.1 km)	Plug-in hybrid three-wheel scooter sold in Europe.
Zero S	BEV	US$9,995	50 mi (80 km)	High speed motorcycle. Began shipping in 2009.
Zero DS	BEV	US$9,995	50 mi (80 km)	High speed motorcycle.
Zero X	BEV	US$7,495	40 mi (64 km)	Electric dirtbike, intended to be driven both on and offroad.
Zero MX	BEV	US$8,295	40 mi (64 km)	Electric dirtbike, intended to be driven both on and offroad.
Vectrix VX-1	BEV	US$10,495	55 mi (89 km)	American electric heavy-duty scooter. Bankrupt in 2013.
Yamaha EC-03	BEV	~US$2,915	43 km (27 mi)	Light electric motorcycle, released in July 2010 as a 2011 model.
Brammo Enertia Plus	BEV	US$10,995	75 mi (121 km) EPA city	Light electric motorcycle. Deliveries commenced in late 2012.
Brammo Empulse	BEV	Empulse US$16,995 Empulse R US$18,995	121 mi (195 km) EPA city 56 mi (90 km) constant 70 mph (110 km/h)	Electric sportbike with six-speed gearbox. Deliveries commenced in late 2012.

Plug-in electric motorcycles in pre-production and testing

List of modern PEV motorcycles in field testing and pre-production (2007–2016)
Model	Type of PEV(1)	Original MRSP(2) /Lease per month (current $)	Range (EV mode for PHEVs)	Comments
PEVs currently undergoing field testing or demonstration programs
Suzuki e-Let's	BEV	unknown	19 mi (31 km)	Currently testing on Japanese roads. Based on the Suzuki Let’s4 basket.
PEVs with market launch scheduled between 2010–2012
Smart eScooter	BEV	unknown	62 mi (100 km)	4 kW scooter that currently exists as a concept vehicle but is likely to enter production. It features solar cells on the windscreen to trickle charge the batteries.

Modern plug-in electric utility vehicles commercially produced

List of modern PEV utility vehicles commercially produced (1980–2016)
Model	Type of PEV(1)	Original MRSP(2) /Lease per month (current $)	Range (EV mode for PHEVs)	Comments
Models out of production
Citroën C15 Electrique	BEV	-	62 mi (100 km)	Electric pickup truck produced in 1989, with production totaling 400 units.
Citroën C25 Electrique/Peugeot J5 Electrique	BEV	₣150,000 (~US$32,500)	62 mi (100 km)	Large, heavy duty van sold mostly to government administrations. Produced from 1989 to 1991.
Chevrolet S-10 EV	BEV	Sales and leasing US$440	100 mi (160 km)	Electric pickup truck produced between 1997 and 1998. Out of 492 units produced about 60 were sold to fleet customers in the U.S.
Ford Ranger EV	BEV	Sales and leasing US$349 to 450	65 mi (105 km)	Electric pickup truck leased to 205 individuals and 1,500 units to fleets in the U.S. from 1998 to 2002.
Renault Kangoo Electrique	BEV	-	62 mi (100 km)	Electric van sold in Europe from 1998 to 2004, with an optional petrol range extender.
Citroën Berlingo Electrique/Peugeot Partner Electrique	BEV	GB£15,895 (~US$25,500)	60 mi (97 km)	Electric van sold in Europe from 1998 to 2005.
Mercedes-Benz Vito 108E	BEV	-	81 mi (130 km)	Large van designed for use by postal services.
Modec EV	BEV	-	100 mi (160 km)	Around 400 units were produced between 2007 and 2010. The technology was licensed to Navistar International in 2009 through a joint venture, and later Navistar bought the intellectual property rights from the bankruptcy administrators. The Modec EV was produced in three version: a chassis cab, box van and a dropside.
Azure Transit Connect Electric	BEV	US$57,400	56 mi (90 km)	Deliveries for fleet customers in the U.S. and Canada began in December 2010. Production of the electric van was stopped in March 2012 as a result of the company's bankruptcy protection filing. Ford continues to provide servicing. Around 500 units were sold before Azure stopped production.
Boulder DV-500	BEV	US$100,000	120 mi (190 km)	First deliveries of the all-electric van in the U.S. took place in January 2012. The EV was available in four configurations: delivery van, 15 passenger shuttle, service body and flat bed. Boulder Electric Vehicles ended production in September 2014.
Models currently available in some markets (2006–2016)
Smith Newton	BEV	Starts at GB£78,400	55 to 110 mi (89 to 177 km)	First deliveries took place in the UK in 2006 and is sold worldwide. The Newton is available with three different payload capacities from 6,100 to 16,200 lb (2,800 to 7,300 kg).
Smith Edison	BEV	Starts at GB£57,566	40 to 120 mi (64 to 193 km)	The Newton is available as a chassis cab, delivery van and minibus, with payload capacities from 1,600 to 5,100 lb (730 to 2,310 kg). Sold worldwide except in the U.S.
125px Mercedes-Benz Vito E-Cell	BEV	Not available	80 mi (130 km)	Serial production began with 100 vehicles by late 2010 and 2,000 vehicles planned to be produced in 2011. Based on the Ford Transit chassis, is available for fleet rentals in Europe on a trial basis. A total of 172 units have been registered in Europe through October 2012.
Navistar eStar	BEV	US$150,000	100 mi (160 km)	Production of the all-electric van began in the U.S. in March 2010 under license from Modec and first deliveries began two months later. Navistar bought the intellectual property rights in 2011. Around 100 units were built during 2011.
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV	BEV	¥2,400,000 to ¥2,971,000 (~US$31,131 to US$38,538) depending on battery size	62 mi (100 km) (10.5 kWh model) 93 mi (150 km) (16.0 kWh model)	Testing began on Japanese roads in October 2010 and was released in the domestic market in December 2011. A total of 4,984 units have been sold in Japan through April 2014. A utility truck version of the Minicab MiEV was launched in January 2013, with sales totaling 625 units through April 2014.
Renault Kangoo Z.E.	BEV	€20,000 + a €72/month fee for the battery (France) GB££21,038 + a GB£78/month fee for the battery (UK)	170 km (110 mi)	Available for sale in several European countries. Monthly battery fees vary depending on annual mileage. The Kangoo Z.E. is the market leader of the small all-electric van segment. Global cumulative sales passed the 10,000 mark in early September 2013. The Kangoo Z.E. is also the best selling all-electric vehicle in France with 9,125 units sold through June 2014. Global sales reached 15,782 units through October 2014.
Nissan e-NV200	BEV	€25,058 (US$34,950) in Germany	170 km (110 mi) NEDC	Trials with Japan Post Service began in July 2011, followed by trials with FedEx in London starting in December 2011. More testing with a more advanced pre-production version took place in Singapore, the UK, the U.S. and Brazil. A more extensive 6-month trial with 28 units delivered to British Gas began in the UK in November 2013. The production version was unveiled at the 2013 Tokyo Motor Show. The e-NV200 was released in Europe in June 2014, followed by Japan in October 2014. Over 5,200 units have been sold worldwide by October 2015, with 4,752 sold in Europe and about 500 in Japan.
Notes: PHEV: Plug-in hybrid vehicle, BEV: Battery electric vehicle or electric car. (1) Plug-in conversions are not included. (2) Sales price does not reflect any government incentives or tax credits.

Plug-in electric utility vehicles in pre-production and testing

PEVs with market launch scheduled between 2014–2016
Model	Type of PEV(1)	Original MRSP(2) /Lease per month (current $)	Range (EV mode for PHEVs)	Comments
PEVs currently undergoing field testing or demonstration programs
VIA Motors Vtrux Plug-in Hybrid	PHEV	expected US$79,000	up to 40 mi (64 km)	Fleet Deliveries expected in 2014. Private Customer Deliveries expected in 2015.
BYD M3DM	PHEV	-	-	Plug-in hybrid van featuring a 1.5L turbo engine coupled with a 110 kW electric motor. It is based on the Nissan e-NV200.

See also

• Electric car use by country
• List of electric cars currently available
• Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
• List of hybrid vehicles
• List of production battery electric vehicles

External links

• Meet the Fleet by Plugincars.com
• Plug-in Vehicle Tracker: What's Coming, When by Plug In America

• See definition on pp. 2.
• As of 30 September 2013, Th!nk City/PIV 4 registrations totaled 1,120 units in Norway.
• See Appendix E: Table E.1, pp. 124
• 11 units were registered in 2010, 110 in 2011 and none in 2012.
• These ratings are for the Tesla Roadster 2.5
• Sales during the 3Q 2012: 68 Roadsters and 253 Model S.
• Most of the remaining Tesla Roadsters were sold during the 4Q 2012, and about 2,650 Model S cars were sold in North America during 2012 (Mostly in the U.S. and a few in Canada).
• BYD was the first company in the world to launch a production plug-in hybrid; its F3DM in 2008 was two years ahead of the 2011 Chevrolet Volt.
• 48 units sold in 2009.
• A total of 613 units were sold during 2011 and 1,201 units in 2012.
• A total of 4,207 QQ3 EVs, 1,096 F3DMs and 1,005 e6s were sold between January and October 2013.
• See details in Press Release.
• Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2011 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201112"), in 2012 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201212"), 2013 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201312").
• Under "Modellstatistik" download the xls file for "Januar–Dezember 2013" cumulative sales are presented in tabs by month: Dez (2013). Click the tabs "2012 Statistik" and "2011 Statistik" to download the files with 2012 and 2011 sales by model.
• Karma sales totaled 67 units in 2013 according to R.L. Polk.
• See the section: December 2012 Plug-in Electric Car Sales Numbers
• See the section: September 2013 Hybrid Car Sales Numbers
• See "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2015/2014/2013/2012/2011."
• See section "December 2014 Battery Electric Car Sales Numbers"
• A total of 17 RAV4 EVs and 1 Honda Fit EV were sold during the first four months of 2015.
• Under "Modellstatistik" download the xls file "Januar - Oktober 2014" for 2014 sales.
• Download the pdf file for detailed sales by model during the first ten months of 2014: "nieuwverkoop personenautos 201410".
• Download file "PressRel1410.pdf" see table: "Nyregistrerade miljöpersonbilar oktober 2014" with summary of plug-in passenger car sales by model between January and October 2014.
• The P1 does not run on 100% electricity as it consumes 4.8 gallons per 100 mi in EV mode
• A total of 9,402 i MiEVs were sold in Japan between July 2009 and December 2013.
• See table "Elbilsalg i 2011 fordelt på måned og merke" (Electric vehicle sales in 2011, by month and brand) to see monthly sales for 2011.
• See graph "Salgstall pr. des 2012" (Sales Figures December 2012) for details of monthly sales for 2012.
• Sales during 2013 totaled 4,604 new Leafs.
• See graph: Gjennomsnittlig CO2-utslipp for registrerte ney personbiler per modell 2014, til og med desember.
• See "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2016/2015/2014/2013/2012/2011."
• A total of 559 i3s were registered in Germany in 2013.
• A total of 2,233 i3s and 400 i8s were registered in Germany in 2014.
• Download EVS in China (full report). See Table 2: Chinas's EV Sales by Brand, 2011-2013, pp. 19.
• A total of 7,866 QQ3 EVs were sold in 2014.
• A total of 3,208 QQ3 EVs were sold during the first half of 2015.
• 5,305 QQ3 EVs and 2,485 JAC J3 EVs were sold in 2012.
• A total of 1,583 of the first and second generation models were sold during 2010 and 2011..
• During 2014 BYD e6 sales totaled 3,560 units and Qin sales totaled 14,747 units. About 1,100 SAIC Roewe 550 PHEVs were sold in China in 2014..
• About 2,500 J3 iEVS were sold in 2013.
• The new base-level 2013 Nissan Leaf S will start at $28,800 plus a mandatory $850 destination fee.
• See editorial note.
• More than 200,000 Nissan Leafs have been sold worldwide by December 2015.
• Through December 2015 Nissan has sold 89,591 Leafs and General Motors has sold 88,750 Volts in the U.S.
• Volt sales sales totaled 996 units and Leaf sales 755 units in January 2016.
• Leaf sales in Japan totaled 9,057 units in 2015. A total of 2,503 units were sold in January 2016. As of December 2015, cumulative sales totaled 57,699 units since the Leaf introduction in December 2010.
• As of 31 December 2014, cumulative Leaf sales in Europe totaled 33,481 vehicles.
• Nissan sold 15,630 Leafs in Europe 10 2015.
• A total of 373 new units were sold in 2011 and 2,298 units in 2012.
• Click on the bar graph "Salgstall" and select "12 mnd" for total annual sales by model: Leaf registrations for each year (including new and used imports) are: 381 in 2011; 2,487 in 2012; 6,213 in 2013; and 3,708 during the first half of 2014. Click on "Markedsandel" for cumulative registrations of the all-time top selling models by manufacturer.
• Click on "Modellfordelt" to display the top 20 selling new cars in Norway: A total of 4,781 new Leafs were sold in 2014.
• A total of 4,039 new Model S cars, 3,189 new Nissan Leaf and 2,403 new i3s, including the REx variant, were registered in Norway in 2015.
• By late November 2015, over 20,000 Nissan Leafs are registered in Norway, representing 10% of Leaf global sales.
• 635 Leafs sold in 2011 and 699 in 2012.
• 1,812 Leafs were sold during 2013.
• A total of 5,236 Nissan Leafs and 2,213 BMW i3s were registered in the UK in 2015.
• A total of 4,051 Leafs were sold in 2014.
• About 102,000 units of the Volt/Ampera family have been sold worldwide by the end of October 2015.
• About 10,000 Opel Amperas were sold in Europe by the end of 2015.
• A total of 2,384 Smart EDs were sold worldwide in the first half of 2014.
• A total of 106 Smart EVs were registered in Germany in 2010.
• A total of 328 Smart EVs were registered in Germany in 2011.
• A total of 734 Smart EDs were registered in Germany in 2011.
• A total of 645 Smart EDs were sold in Germany in the first half of 2014.
• A total of 1,092 Smart EDs were sold in the U.S. during the first half of 2014. See section: "U.S. Battery Electric sales for June 2014"
• During 2013 BYD e6 sales totaled 1,544 units and Qin sales totaled 142 units.
• A total of 16,736 Kandi EVs, 16,488 BAIC E-Series EVs, 7,029 BYD e6s, 6,385 Zotye Zhidou E20s and 1,426 BYD e5s were sold in China in 2015.
• 8 unites were delivered in December 2011.
• See sections: "U.S. Plug-in Hybrid sales for September 2014" and "U.S. Battery Electric sales for September 2014"
• Click on "Ventes mensuelles du groupe (décembre 2011) (xls, 183 Ko)" "Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2012) (xls, 289 Ko)" - Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2013) (xlsx, 227 Ko)" - "Ventes mensuelles (octobre 2014) (XLSX - 219 Ko)" to download the files for 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 sales, and open the tab "Sales by Model".
• Prius PHV sales totaled 42,293 units through December 2015.
• During the first fourth months of 2016, ELR sales in the U.S. totaled 357 units and Prius PHV 27 units.
• Figures correspond to the number of vehicles registered at the end of the corresponding month.
• Download file "Nyregistreringar december 2013 prel.pdf" see table "NYREGISTRERADE SUPERMILJÖBILAR DECEMBER 2013" with summary of PEV sales by model for 2013 and 2012.
• Download the pdf file "Nyregistreringar december 2015 def" See table: Nyregistrerade miljöpersonbilar december 2015
• Accounting for global cumulative sales by December 2015, plug-in electric car sales are led by the Nissan Leaf (200,000), followed by Volt/Ampera family (104,000), and the Tesla Model S (100,000). As of November 2015, ranking next are the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (85,000), and the Prius Plug-in Hybrid (75,000), Mitsubishi i-MiEV family (~50,000), BYD Qin (45,275), BMW i3 (38,581), Renault Zoe (36,040), and the Ford Fusion Energi (26,742).
• A total of 17,478 units were delivered globaly during the fourth quarter of 2015, including 206 Model X vehicles. Model S sales in the United States totaled 16,689 units in 2014 and 25,202 in 2015.
• Tesla sold sold 3,025 Model S cars in China from January to September 2015.
• Tesla imported 4,800 Model S cars in 2014, but only 2,499 of those vehicles were registered for road use in China.
• A total of 4,382 Model S sedans were registered in the Netherlands by the end of December 2015, ranking as the all-time top registered all-electric vehicle in the country.
• The Tesla Model S was the top selling plug-in electric car in 2015 (50,366), followed by the Nissan Leaf (about 43,000), the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (about 39,000), the BYD Qin (31,898) and the BMW i3 (24,057).
• Tesla Model S sales figures from IHS data. Ford Energi models estimated.
• A total of 2,271 i3s and 393 i8s were registered in Germany in 2015.
• Figures correspond to the number of vehicles registered at the end of the corresponding quarter. A total of 3,327 Zoes were registered in the UK at the end of 2015.
• Includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on "Ventes mensuelles (Avril 2016)" to download the file "XLSX - 239 Ko" for CYTD sales through April 2016, and open the tab "Sales by Model". Click on "+ Voir plus" (See more) to download the files "Ventes mensuelles du groupe (décembre 2011) (xls, 183 Ko)" "Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2012) (xls, 289 Ko)" - Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2013) (xlsx, 227 Ko)" - "XLSX - 220 Ko Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2014)" - "Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2015)" to download the file "XLSX - 227 Ko" for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 sales. Sales figures for 2013 were revised in the 2014 report
• A total of 42 units were sold in Sweden in 2012.
• Volvo sold 7,739 V60 plug-in hybrids in 2013.
• Sales in Europe as reported by JATO Dynamics: VW Golf GTE sales totaled 1,097 units in 2014 and 17,300 in 2015; Audi A3 e-tron sales totaled 1,154 units in 2014 and 11,791 in 2015; Volvo V60 sales totaled 5,441 units in 2014 and 6,349 in 2015.
• See under the heading "31-10-2015".
• Download file "Nyregistreringar december 2014 (prel)" see tables: "Nyregistrerade supermiljöbilar december 2014" with summary of plug-in passenger car registrations by model for 2013 (revised) and 2014.
• See sections: "June 2015 Plug-in Hybrid Car Sales Numbers" and "June 2015 Battery Electric Car Sales Numbers"
• The top selling plug-in car in Europe during the first ten months of 2015 was the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV with 22,061 units. During this period the VW GTE sold 11,691 units and the Volvo V60 PHEV sold 4,185 units. As of October 2015, the Outlander P-HEV ranks as the all-time best selling PEV in Europe with over 50,000 units sold.
• As of March 2016, the world's top selling plug-in electric cars are the Nissan Leaf (over 218,000), Tesla Model S (about 120,000), Chevrolet Volt and Ampera variants (over 110,000), Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV (over 100,000), and Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid (75,000). All figures cumulative global sales since market launch.
• As of March 2016, a total of 65,529 units have been sold in Europe (21,052 in the UK and 44,477 in the rest of Europe), 33,730 in Japan, 2,015 in Australia and 259 in the rest of the world, for a total of 101,533 units sold worldwide.
• With a total of 24,572 Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEVs registered by the end of March 2016, the plug-in hybrid is the all-time top registered plug-in electric vehicle in the Netherlands.
• A total of 16,052 i3s were sold in 2014, with global cumulative sales since their introduction totaling 17,529 units through the end of 2014. The BYD Qin became in 2014 the top selling PEV in China’s history
• As of November 2015, Leaf sales totaled about 198,000 units worldwide, led by the U.S. (88,244), Japan (about 57,000), Europe (about 48,000), and Canada (3,076), Around 2,000 were sold in other markets.
• A total of 658 F3DMs and 730 e6s were sold during first half of 2013.
• A total of 1,465 e-ups! were sold in 2013..
• A total of 5,365 e-ups! were sold in Europe in 2014..
• A total of 1,477 i3s were registered in 2013. Includes press fleet vehicles and dealer demonstrators.
• A total of 16,052 i3s and 1,741 i8s were sold in 2014.
• A total of 29,513 BMW i brand units were delivered to customers worldwide in 2015, up 65.9% from 2014, consisting of 24,057 BMW i3s and 5,456 BMW i8s.
• A total of 51 new i3s were registered in Norway in 2013.
• A total of 1,534 BMW i3 were registered in the UK since 2013 through December 2014, and 2,484 at the end of June 2015.
• See sections: "U.S. Plug-in Hybrid sales for August 2014" and "U.S. Battery Electric sales for August 2014"
• A total of 31,898 Qins were sold in China in 2015.
• A total of 10,711 SAIC Roewe 550 PHEVs were sold in China in 2015.
• The Soul EV posted combined glboal sales of 10,210 units through January 2016, with the overseas market taking up 8,630 units.
• A total of 14 Soul EVs were sold in Germany in 2014.
• A total of 3,839 Soul EVs and 155 Audi Q7 e-Tron vehicles were sold in Germany in 2015.
• See graph: "Gjennomsnittlig CO2-utslipp for registrerte ney personbiler per modell 2015, til og med desember." A total of 1,634 new Renault Zoes and 1,020 Kia Soul EVs were registered in Norway in 2015.
• European VW e-Golf sales totaled 11,214 units in 2015.
• See sections: "November 2014 Plug-in Hybrid Car Sales Numbers" and "November 2014 Battery Electric Car Sales Numbers"
• A total of 49 Audi A3 e-trons were sold in the U.S. in 2015.
• See section "July 2015 Plug-in Hybrid Car Sales Numbers"
• A total of 189 Audi Q7 e-Tron vehicles were sold during the first four months of 2016.
• A total of 6,110 BYD Tangs and 1,580 Qins were sold in China during the first two months of 2016.
• A total of 3,111 BYD Tangs, 2,061 e6s, 1,143 Qins, 511 e5s and 229 Qin EV300s were sold in China in March 2016.
• A total of 18,375 Tangs were sold in China in 2015.
• A total of 3,145 BYD Tangs were sold in China in April 2016.
• See press release.
• A total of 402 units of the Volvo XC90 T8 plug-in hybrid were sold in the U.S. in 2015.
• A total of 245 all-electric Qin models were sold in April 2016.
• pp. 3-4
• See more details in the official press release.
• Brammo Empulse Electric Motorcycle/
• Cumulative Outlander P-HEV sales in Japan totaled 13,498 through April 2014.
• A total of 2,869 units sold in 2012.
• A total of 4,174 units were sold in France in 2013.