Ordre des Palmes académiques

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Ordre des Palmes académiques
Commandeur de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques avers.jpg
Commander's neck badge and ribbon
Awarded by Ministry of National Education of the French Republic
Type Order of merit
Awarded for Distinguished contributions to education or culture
Status Currently constituted
Grand Master President Emmanuel Macron[citation needed]
Chancellor Jean-Michel Blanquer, the Minister of National Education
Grades (w/ post-nominals) Commander, 1st Class
Officer, 2nd Class
Member/Knight, 3rd Class
Statistics
Established Decoration: 1808
Order: 1955
Precedence
Next (higher) Médaille de la Résistance
Next (lower) Order of Agricultural Merit
Palmes academiques Commandeur ribbon.svg
Commander
Palmes academiques Officier ribbon.svg
Officer
Palmes academiques Chevalier ribbon.svg
Knight
The three graded ribbon bars of the Order

The Ordre des Palmes académiques (French for "Order of Academic Palms") is a national order bestowed by the French Republic on distinguished academics and teachers and for valuable service to universities, education and science.[1] Originally established in 1808 by Emperor Napoleon as a decoration to honour eminent members of the University of Paris, it was changed into its current form as an order of merit on 4 October 1955 by President René Coty, making it one of the oldest civil honours bestowed by the French Republic.[2]

History

Decoration

The original Palmes académiques was instituted by Napoleon on 17 March 1808.[3] In this sense, it shares its origins with the Legion of Honour which Napoleon had established shortly before.[4] Palmes académiques was established to decorate people associated with the university, including high schools (lycées).[3][5] It was not an order as such, but a title of honour identifiable by its insignia sewn on the recipients' costumes.[6] It was bestowed only upon teachers or professors.[2][7] The original decoration included three classes:[6]

  • Titulaire – gold palm sewn on white silk;
  • Officier l'Université – silver palm sewn on white silk;
  • Officier d'Académie – blue palm sewn on white silk.

The Titulaires were limited to the grand masters of the university, chancellors, treasurers, and councilors for life. The Officiers de l'Université were ordinary councilors, university inspectors, rectors, academy inspectors, deans and faculty professors. The Officiers d'Académie were headmasters, censors, teachers of the two most distinguished classes of high schools, principals of colleges, and, in exceptional cases, high school teachers or college regents. Those working in primary education were ineligible.[6]

On 9 October 1850, the number of classes was reduced to two:[6][1]

  • Officier de l'Instruction Publique (Golden Palms);
  • Officier d'Académie (Silver Palms).

Only those working in education for at least 15 years were eligible. The decoration was conferred by the Minister of Public Instruction on the proposal of rectors after having consulted academic councils.[6]

In 1866, Napoleon III, prompted by Minister of Public Instruction Victor Duruy, widened the scope of the award to include non-teaching persons who had otherwise made contributions to education[5][6] and culture, including foreigners. It was also made available to French expatriates who made major contributions to learning or education in the wider world.[citation needed]

Order

File:Palmes Académiques République Francaise.jpg
Certificate of Ordre des Palmes académiques

The present Ordre des Palmes académiques was instituted on 4 October 1955 by President René Coty. In 1963 the French system of orders was reformed under President Charles de Gaulle. A number of so-called "ministerial orders" were consolidated into the Ordre national du Mérite. De Gaulle, however, was fond of the Ordre des Palmes académiques and decided to keep it as a separate order.[6] Since 1955, the Ordre des Palmes académiques has had three grades,[3] each with a fixed annual number of new recipients or promotions:[5]

  • Commander (Commandeur) – gold palm of 60 mm surmounted by a laurel wreath (couronne) worn on necklet,[2] limited to 280 annually;[5]
  • Officer (Officier) – gold palm of 55 mm worn on ribbon with rosette on left breast,[2] limited to 1523 annually;[5]
  • Knight (Chevalier) – silver palm of 50 mm worn on ribbon on left breast,[2] limited to 4547 annually.[5]

The order is conferred for services to the universities, in teaching or in scientific work.[3] It can be conferred on both French citizens, including those residing abroad, and foreigners. The minimum age of conferment is 35 years. Promotion to a higher grade usually requires five years in the lower rank.[5] The order is administered by a council whose president is the Minister of National Education.[3] Decisions on nominations and promotions are proposed by the minister and formally decided by the Prime Minister. Decisions are announced annually on 1 January, New Year's Day and 14 July, Bastille Day.[5] For those not connected to state-sponsored public education, or the Ministry of National Education, the announcements are made on New Year's Day and for all others on Bastille Day.[citation needed] In 2018, the annual quotas were cut by almost half to their present level.[5]

Notable recipients

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See also the categories Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, Officiers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, and Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques

French recipients

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Foreign recipients

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Main article: List of foreign recipients of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
  • Shi Zhengli, virologist and Director of the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • Guy Bennett, American writer and translator, Professor at Otis College of Art and Design
  • Obilo Ng’ong’o - Kenyan Pedagogist and Thespian from Narkuru
  • Leo Benardo, American foreign language educator
  • Bruno Bernard, Belgian professor and writer on export and business ethics[11]
  • Mimoza Ceka, teaching assistant of French Language in University of Tetovo, primary school teacher of French language in primary school "LIRIA" - Tetovo, and a collaborator of Alliance Française and Institut Français in North Macedonia.
  • Herbert Clemone De Ley Jr, American professor of French at the University of Illinois
  • Louis Dewis, born Isidore Louis Dewachter in Belgium. Merchant and later a post-impressionist painter, he was honoured for his civic endeavors in the early 1900s
  • Allan L. Goldstein, American biochemist and co-discoverer of the Thymosins
  • Jane Robert, American educator and former president of the Federation of Alliances Françaises USA
  • Erskine Gwynne (1898-1948) American publisher of Paris based Boulevardier paper, 1927-1932
  • Ralph M. Hester, Professor of French, Stanford University, co-author of Découverte et Création, the most widely used textbook for teaching French in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. In 2000, Hester launched the Interdisciplinary Institute of French Studies, now the France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, with partner funds from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • John Kneller, English-American professor and fifth President of Brooklyn College
  • Francis L. Lawrence, American educator and scholar specializing in French literature; classical drama and baroque poetry, President of Rutgers University 1990–2002[12]
  • Alice Lemieux-Lévesque, Canadian-American writer
  • Queen 'Masenate Mohato Seeiso of Lesotho (2018)
  • Ahmad Kamyabi Mask, Iranian littérateur, writer, translator, publisher and Professor Emeritus of Modern Drama and Theater of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Tehran
  • Alfred Noe, Austrian historian of Romance studies
  • Michael D. Oates, PhD, Professor of Modern Languages (French) at the University of Northern Iowa.
  • Zeus Salazar, Filipino Historian
  • Léopold Sédar Senghor,[7] Senegalese poet, theoretician of Négritude, first President of Senegal (1960–80), and the first African to be elected as a member of the Académie française
  • Ali-Akbar Siassi, Iranian intellectual and psychologist who served as the country's Foreign Minister, Minister of Education and Chancellor of the University of Tehran.
  • Lucijan Marija Škerjanc, Slovene composer, conductor, pianist and musicologist
  • Javad Tabatabai, Iranian philosopher and political scientist, Professor and Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Law and Political Science at the University of Tehran[13]
  • Buddy Wentworth, Namibian deputy education minister, for his contributions to the Namibian independence struggle[14]
  • Brian Zager, Principal Lafayette Academy, Founder of first Middle School Dual Language French Program in Manhattan; built a successful program of French; Native New Yorkers; through a rigorous curriculum earning the label Franceducation. Principal Zager met with First Lady Briggite Macron in September 2019 to collaborate on and discuss social emotional learning.
  • Andrea Zitolo, Italian physical-chemist and material scientist
  • Ganjar Kurnia, Indonesian academist, Rector of Padjadjaran University (2007-2015), Educational and Cultural Attache Embassy of Indonesia, Paris

Insignia

The badge, unchanged since its creation in 1808, consists of a pair of violet-enamelled palm branches. It is suspended from a plain violet ribbon.[1]

Member/Knight (Chevalier) Officer (Officier) Commander (Commandeur)
130px 110px Commandeur de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques avers.jpg
Palmes academiques Chevalier ribbon.svg Palmes academiques Officier ribbon.svg Palmes academiques Commandeur ribbon.svg

References

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Further reading

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External links

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  12. ↑ Lawrence, Francis L. Leadership in Higher Education: Views from the Presidency (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2006), 345.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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