Silver sulfide

Silver sulfide

Names
IUPAC name Silver(I) sulfide, Silver sulfide
Identifiers
CAS Number	21548-73-2 Y
ChemSpider	145878 N
EC Number	244-438-2
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	166738
UNII	9ZB10YHC1C N
InChI InChI=1S/2Ag.S/q2*+1;-2 N Key: XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
SMILES [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+]
Properties
Chemical formula	Ag2S
Molar mass	247.80 g·mol−1
Appearance	Grayish-black crystal
Odor	Odorless
Density	7.234 g/cm3 (25 °C) 7.12 g/cm3 (117 °C)
Melting point	836 °C (1,537 °F; 1,109 K)
Solubility in water	6.21·10−15 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp)	6.31·10−50
Solubility	Soluble in aq. HCN, aq. citric acid with KNO3 Insoluble in acids, alkalies, aqueous ammoniums
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic, mP12 (β-form) Cubic, cI8 (α-form) Cubic, cF12 (γ-form)
Space group	P21/n, No. 14 (α-form) Im3m, No. 229 (β-form) Fm3m, No. 225 (γ-form)
Point group	2/m (α-form) 4/m 3 2/m (β-form, γ-form)
Lattice constant	a = 4.23 Å, b = 6.91 Å, c = 7.87 Å (α-form) α = 90°, β = 99.583°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	76.57 J/mol·K
Std molar entropy (So298)	143.93 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−32.59 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	−40.71 kJ/mol
Vapor pressure	{{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Silver sulfide (Ag
₂S) is the sulfide of silver. It is useful as a photosensitizer in photography.

Properties

This dense black solid constitutes the tarnish that forms over time on silverware and other silver objects. Silver sulfide is insoluble in all solvents, but is degraded by strong acids. Silver sulfide features a covalent bond, as it is made up of silver (electronegativity of 1.98) and sulfur (electronegativity of 2.58). It is a component of classical qualitative inorganic analysis. When formed on electrical contacts operating in an atmosphere rich in hydrogen sulfide, long filaments known as silver whiskers can form.

Degrading wooden treasure chests aboard sunken galleons can provide the sulfide needed for certain sulfide ion consuming bacteria to produce hydrogen sulfide gas. When combined with silver the hydrogen sulfide gas creates a layer of black silver sulfide patina on the silver, protecting the inner silver from further conversion to silver sulfide.

Structure

Three forms are known: monoclinic acanthite (β-form), stable below 179 °C, body centered cubic so-called argentite (α-form), stable above 180 °C, and a high temperature face-centred cubic (γ-form) stable above 586 °C. The higher temperature forms are electrical conductors. It is found in nature as relatively low temperature mineral acanthite. Acanthite is an important ore of silver. In the acanthite, monoclinic, form there are two crystallographically distinct silver atoms with two and three near neighbour sulfur atoms respectively. The name argentite refers to a cubic form, which, due to instability in "normal" temperatures, is found in form of the pseudomorphosis of acanthite after argentite.

External links

Tarnishing of Silver: A Short Review V&A Conservation Journal