Sinking of Dongfang zhi Xing

Sinking of the MV Dongfang zhi Xing

Sinking location Nanjing Chongqing
Time	21:28 (UTC+8)
Date	1 June 2015
Location	Yangtze River, China (specifically Jianli County, Jingzhou, Hubei)
Coordinates
Participants	454
Outcome	Ship sank, 12 rescued
Deaths	442
Survivors	12

MV Dongfang zhi Xing (Chinese: 东方之星; pinyin: Dōngfāng zhī Xīng; translated as Oriental Star or Eastern Star) was a river cruise ship that operated in the Three Gorges region of inland China. On 1 June 2015, the ship was traveling on the Yangtze River in Jianli, Hubei Province with 454 people on board when it capsized in a severe thunderstorm.

On 13 June 442 deaths were confirmed, with 12 rescued. It is the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in China's history, and the worst since the Taiping sank in 1949, killing over 1,500.

Sinking

Around 9:28 pm on 1 June 2015, Dongfang zhi Xing was making a 1,500 km (930 mile) trip from Nanjing to Chongqing via the Yangtze River. When the ship was near Jingzhou, it was caught in a storm and sank in approximately 15 m (49 ft) deep waters. The captain and the chief engineer said that the ship was hit by a tornado, and the China Meteorological Administration confirmed that a tornado occurred in Jianli County with wind-speeds reaching EF1 strength, or approximately 138–177 km/h (86–110 mph). It was once widely believed that the tornado struck the river near the ship's location, but later investigation suggested that the tornado struck a location 8 km away and did not affect the ship; instead, based on Doppler radar data and other evidence, the official report indicates that a massive downburst in the thunderstorm, with gusts over 118 km/h (12–13 on the Beaufort scale), is the likely cause of the capsizing.

Passengers and crew

Passengers on board by region

Region	No.
Jiangsu	204
Shanghai	97
Tianjin	43
Shandong	23
Fujian	19
Zhejiang	11
Anhui	8
Total	405

Initially, the Chinese authorities reported 458 people were aboard the ship, but later reduced this figure to 456. This included 405 passengers, all of whom were Chinese and mostly elderly, 46 crew members and five tour guides. According to crew members that were rescued, the storm hit and capsized the ship quickly while most of the passengers were asleep. One rescued passenger stated that the ship had become flooded with water, and with the turbulent river conditions, capsized after experiencing a list greater than 45 degrees. Seven survivors were able to swim to shore and alert authorities about two and a half hours after capsizing. On 13 June, the Chinese authorities updated that 454, not 456, people were on board and 442 bodies had been found with 12 rescued.

Analysis of the incident

Severe weather reports were issued for the area, which should have subsequently been sent to all vessels on the river in the area for them to take necessary precautions. There is no confirmation that Dongfang zhi Xing had been properly notified, though at least one other vessel travelling nearby was shown to have taken precautions due to the weather warning. The ship's captain and chief engineer, two of the rescued persons, have been taken into custody for questioning.

The Chinese government censored news and discussion about this accident, while tightly controlling media coverage. Chinese journalists have been told to focus on the "positive part" of the story only. The Politburo Standing Committee has attempted to control public opinion about the disaster response, by issuing an order to both "understand the sorrow of the families" and "concretely preserve social stability". Some foreign journalists have also been blocked from the rescue site in Hubei province where a police cordon has been set up with checkpoints.

On 30 December 2015, the Chinese government issued the investigation report of the incident. The report said that heavy storms caused the Dongfang zhi Xing to capsize; it also found that the shipping company and local authorities had flaws in their daily management and suggested that 43 people be punished accordingly.

Ship

History
Name:	Dongfang zhi Xing 东方之星
Owner:	Chongqing Eastern Shipping Corporation (重庆东方轮船公司)
Operator:	Chongqing Eastern Shipping Corporation (重庆东方轮船公司)
Port of registry:	China
Route:	Nanjing to Chongqing
Ordered:	Before 1992
Builder:	Chongqing Chuandong Shipyard (重庆川东造船厂)
Completed:	1994
Maiden voyage:	Fuling to Wanzhou
In service:	February 1994
Out of service:	1 June 2015
Identification:	Maritime Mobile Service Identity: 413800469
Fate:	Capsized and sank on 1 June 2015
Status:	Wreck
General characteristics
Class & type:	Cruise ship
Tonnage:	3900
Displacement:	2200
Length:	76.5 metres (251 ft)
Beam:	11 metres (36 ft)
Height:	18.6 metres (61 ft)
Draught:	2.5 metres (8.2 ft)
Speed:	6 knots (11 km/h)
Capacity:	534 passengers
Crew:	46

MV Dongfang zhi Xing was constructed in February 1994. In 1997 the ship’s length was extended by 11 meters. It underwent another retrofit in 2008 that cut its capacity from 584 to 534 people. As of 2015, the ship was 76 metres (250 ft) long with a beam of 14 metres (45 ft). It was owned by the Chongqing Eastern Shipping Corporation and operated by Xiehe Travel, where it made cruises within the Three Gorges area of inland China.

Dongfang zhi Xing, as well as other Yangtze River cruise ships, had come under increasing government scrutiny in recent years due to the growing tourist industry in China. In 2013, the Dongfang zhi Xing and five other ships were cited for safety violations by the Nanjing maritime bureau, though the Chongqing Eastern Shipping Corporation did not comment on the nature of these infractions.

Rescue

Rescue efforts were made immediately to save the passengers and crew, reaching full scale about twelve hours after the capsizing. 82 people had been confirmed dead by 4 June, with some bodies having washed ashore 50 km (31 mi) downstream from the wreck. Fourteen people were rescued in the immediate aftermath, including the ship's engineer and captain.

According to a tweet from China Central Television (CCTV), rescuers were able to hear the sound of people trapped inside. CCTV reported that search teams heard people yelling from within the ship. 1,000 police officers from the Hubei Armed Police Corps were sent to the site with 40 inflatable boats. Authorities reported that the search and rescue effort included 3,000 people and 50 boats. Crews used both underwater approaches with diving apparatus, and above-water approaches through holes cut through the inverted hull.

A typical cruise ship similar to the Dongfang zhi Xing used to tour the Three Gorges rivers.

Additional search efforts were made to locate survivors or bodies up to 220 kilometres (140 mi) downstream of the wreck. The Three Gorges Dam upriver was instructed to cut water flow rates by half in order to lower the river levels for the rescue effort.

On 5 June, the inverted ship was fitted with cables and nets, and the holes cut in the hull sealed, in order to right the ship and resume the search for survivors or bodies. The search yielded only bodies. The search range was subsequently expanded to 1,000 km (620 mi) downstream on 5 June.

The highest levels of the government were involved in the search coordination. Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang ordered rescue efforts. Premier Li Keqiang, Vice Premier Ma Kai and State Councilor Yang Jing traveled to the site itself.

Mourning

On 7 June, more than 500 rescue workers and government officials at the site mourned during a three-minute silence, after an announcement from Minister of Transport Yang Chuantang. According to Chinese tradition, the seventh day is a key occasion to mourn the passing of the dead (头七).

To mourn the victims, all Chinese satellite television channels suspended entertainment programs from 7 to 8 June.

See also

• List of shipwrecks in China

External links

• 图文直播：载456人客轮沉没 长江大救援！！！ (ifeng.com)
• 载458人客轮在长江湖北段倾覆 (Netease)
• 实时播报：全力搜救“东方之星” (Sina)
• "东方之星"倾覆长江 上载458人 (Sohu)