Sinorhizobium

Sinorhizobium
File:Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA257 on TY agar (clean).JPG
Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA257 on an agar plate.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Alphaproteobacteria
Order:	Rhizobiales
Family:	Rhizobiaceae
Genus:	Sinorhizobium/Ensifer Chen et al. 1988/Casida 1982
Type species
Sinorhizobium fredii/Ensifer adhaerens
Species
Sinorhizobium abri Ogasawara et all. 2003 Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982 Sinorhizobium americanum corrig. Toledo et al. 2003 Sinorhizobium arboris Nick et al. 1999 Sinorhizobium chiapanecum Rincón-Rosales et al. 2009 Sinorhizobium fredii Scholla and Elkan 1984 emend. De Lajudie et al. 1994 Ensifer garamanticusMerabet et al. 2010 Ensifer glycinis Yan et al. 2016 Sinorhizobium indiaense Ogasawara et all. 2003 Sinorhizobium kostiense Nick et al. 1999 Sinorhizobium kummerowiae Wei et al. 2002 Sinorhizobium medicae Rome et al. 1996 Sinorhizobium meliloti (Dangeard 1926) De Lajudie et al. 1994 Ensifer mexicanus Lloret et al. 2007 Ensifer numidicus Merabet et al. 2010 Ensifer psoraleae Wang et al. 2013 Sinorhizobium saheli De Lajudie et al. 1994 Sinorhizobium saheli sv. acaciae Sinorhizobium saheli sv. sesbaniae Ensifer sesbaniae Wang et al. 2013 Ensifer sojae Li et al. 2010 Sinorhizobium terangae corrig. De Lajudie et al. 1994 Sinorhizobium terangae sv. acaciae Sinorhizobium terangae sv. sesbaniae

Sinorhizobium/Ensifer is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), three of which (Sinorhizobium meliloti, Sinorhizobium medicae and Sinorhizobium fredii) have been sequenced.

Etymology

Sinorhizobium is a combination of Medieval Latin sino, -a (which means "China"), Greek rhizo, -a (which means "root"), and New Latin bios (which means "life"). Thus the full name means "a bacterium living in a root in China".

Ensifer is from the New Latin term ensifer, which means "sword-bearing" or "sword-bearer".

Proper Name

The name Ensifer was published in 1982 and the name Sinorhizobium was published in 1988. By the rules of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), the older name (Ensifer) has priority. In response to a request that the single extant species of Ensifer (Ensifer adhaerens) be moved to Sinorhizobium, a special ICSP subcommittee was formed to evaluate the request. It was ultimately ruled that Ensifer retained priority and that all Sinorhizobium species be transferred to the genus Ensifer. However, both terms continue to be used in published scientific literature, with Sinorhizobium being the more common.

Deprecated Species

Two species have been described which have since been reclassified into existing species: Sinorhizobium morelense (now Ensifer adhaerens) and Sinorhizobium xinjiangense (now Sinorhizobium fredii—though there is some dissent).

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by The All-Species Living Tree Project

Ensifer mexicanus Lloret et al. 2011 Sinorhizobium terangae De Lajudie et al. 1994 Sinorhizobium saheli De Lajudie et al. 1994 Sinorhizobium kostiensis Nick et al. 1999 Sinorhizobium kummerowiae Wei et al. 2002 Sinorhizobium fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Chen et al. 1988 Sinorhizobium americanum corrig. Toledo et al. 2004 Sinorhizobium arboris Nick et al. 1999 Ensifer garamanticus Merabet et al. 2010 Sinorhizobium meliloti (Dangeard 1926) De Lajudie et al. 1994 Ensifer numidicus Merabet et al. 2010 Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982