St. Anne's Church, Warsaw
St. Anne's Church Kościół św. Anny (Polish) |
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Façade with statues of the Four Evangelists.
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General information | |
Architectural style | Neoclassical (façade) |
Town or city | Warsaw |
Country | Poland |
Construction started | 1454 |
Design and construction | |
Architect | Chrystian Piotr Aigner (1788) |
St. Anne's Church (Polish: Kościół św. Anny) is a church in the historic center of Warsaw, Poland, adjacent to the Castle Square, at Krakowskie Przedmieście 68. It is one of Poland's most notable churches with a Neoclassical facade. The church ranks among Warsaw's oldest buildings. Over time, it has seen many reconstructions, resulting in its present-day appearance, unchanged since 1788. Currently it is the main church parish of the academic community in Warsaw.
Contents
History
In 1454 Duchess of Masovia Anna Fiodorowna[1] (in some old books mistakenly called Holszanska), from Ruthenized Lithuanian princely house, founded this church with a cloister for the Franciscan friars (Order of Friars Minor).[2]
The square in front of the church was a place of solemn homages to Polish monarchs by the rulers of Prussia (the first one in 1578, the last one in 1621).[3] In 1582 a slender tower was added to the church. Some time later it was encompassed with a rampart and incorporated into the city fortifications.
The St. Anne's Church was reconstructed several times in 1603, 1634, 1636 and in 1667 (it was heavily damaged during the siege of Warsaw and plundered by Swedish and German troops in the 1650s).[4][5] Between 1740 and 1760 the façade was reconstructed in rococo style according to Jakub Fontana's design and decorated with two filigree belfries.[3] The walls and semicircular vault ceilings of the church, divided into bays, were decorated at that time with profuse paintings in perspective, using illusionary techniques and depicting scenes in the life of Saint Anne. A chapel of Saint Ładysław was also decorated in this fashion. All paintings were by Friar Walenty Żebrowski.[3]
The church was reconstructed for the last time between 1786 and 1788 by order of King Stanisław August Poniatowski.
During the Warsaw Uprising of 1794, part of the national Kościuszko Uprising in 1794, Bishop Józef Kossakowski, considered the traitor of the nation, was executed in front of the church (hanged with a great applause by Warsaw inhabitants).[3]
The church was slightly damaged in a German air raid on Warsaw in 1939 (the roof and turrets were destroyed by fire and reconstructed by the architect Beata Trylińska).[2] The roof was later seriously damaged by Wehrmacht soldiers after the collapse of the Warsaw Uprising.[2][4]
Façade and interior
The present façade was built in 1788 in a Neoclassical style typical of the reign of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, by Chrystian Piotr Aigner. Sculptors of that time were Jakub Monaldi and Franciszek Pinck, who carved statues of the Four Evangelists which decorate the façade.[3] The interior of the church is now in high-baroque style with several chapels. The church makes an overwhelming impression on the visitor with its surprisingly rich interior filled with frescoes.
The only example of a diamond vault preserved in Warsaw can be seen in the cloister leading to the vestry.
Notes
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- In-line:
- ↑ J. Tęgowski, Anna i Barbara – księżne mazowieckie z XV wieku. Przyczynek do genealogii Piastów mazowieckich, in: J. Śliwiński (red.), Społeczeństwo i polityka do XVII wieku, Olsztyn 1994
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Gallery
Historical images
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POL JS Mock Wjazd Augusta III do Warszawy.jpg
St. Anne's Church (right) in 1734
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The church by Bernardo Bellotto, 1770s
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Warsaw about 1900.jpg
St. Anne's about 1900
Interior
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Felikskryski.jpg
Kryskich Chapel, Tomb of Chancellor Feliks Kryski
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Wnętrze kościoła św. Anny w Warszawie 2015.jpg
General view
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6 Warszawa 128.jpg
Main altar
Exterior
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Warszawa - kościół św. Anny i kolumna Zygmunta III Wazy.jpg
The church as seen from the Castle Square
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St. Anne's Church in Warsaw with colonnade.jpg
St. Anne's Church in Warsaw with colonnade
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Anne church in Warsaw. |
External links
- St. Anna's Church
- (Polish) www.warszawa1939.pl
- (Polish) St. Anne's Church in 1795
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- Pages with broken file links
- Articles with Polish-language external links
- Articles containing Polish-language text
- Commons category link is locally defined
- Roman Catholic churches completed in 1788
- 18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings
- Roman Catholic churches in Warsaw
- Neoclassical architecture in Warsaw
- 1788 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth