Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV

King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
King of Tonga
King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV as a young man
King of Tonga
Reign	16 December 1965 – 10 September 2006
Coronation	4 July 1967 at Nukuʻalofa
Predecessor	Sālote Tupou III
Successor	George Tupou V
Regent	See list Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake Hon. Baron Siaosi Vaea Prince ʻAhoʻeitu
9th Premier of Tonga
In office	12 December 1949 - 16 December 1965
Monarch	Queen Salote Tupou III
Predecessor	Hon. Solomone Ula Ata
Successor	Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake
Born	(1918-07-04)4 July 1918 Royal Palace, Nuku'alofa, Tonga
Died	Auckland, New Zealand
Burial	Mala‘e Kula
Spouse	Hon. Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe
Issue	George Tupou V Princess Salote, Princess Royal Prince Fatafehi Tupou VI
House	Tupou
Father	Hon. Viliami Tungī Mailefihi
Mother	Queen Salote Tupou III of Tonga
Religion	Methodism

Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV (4 July 1918 – 10 September 2006), son of Queen Sālote Tupou III and her consort Prince Viliami Tungī Mailefihi, was the king of Tonga from the death of his mother in 1965 until his own death in 2006.

Biography

Marriage and children

He was married to Queen Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe, born in 1926, and the couple had four children:

• Siaosi Tāufaʻāhau Manumataongo Tukuʻaho Tupou, while as Crown Prince, better known by the hereditary title: Tupoutoʻa (once his father did not need it any longer). He succeeded him later as George Tupou V.
• Princess Royal Salote Mafileʻo Pilolevu Tuita (born Tukuʻaho in 1951)
• Prince Fatafehi ʻAlaivahamamaʻo Tukuʻaho (stripped of his title after marrying a commoner, later bestowed with the hereditary title of Māʻatu. Born in 1954, deceased in 2004)
• Prince ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho better known by his traditional titles: Tupoutoʻa Lavaka (until the death of his father known as: ʻUlukālala Lavaka Ata). As his elder brother died without legitimate issue, he became King Tupou VI in 2012. Born in 1959

Life and reign

The King's full baptismal name was Siaosi Tāufaʻāhau Tupoulahi, but he was soon better known by the traditional title reserved for Crown Princes: Tupoutoʻa, (bestowed in 1937) later replaced by the title he inherited from his father: Tungī (or using both: Tupoutoʻa-Tungī, in that time written as Tuboutoʻa-Tugi). He kept the Tungī title until his death. From a traditional point of view he was not only the Tungī, which is the direct descendent from the Tuʻi Haʻatakalaua, but he was also, on becoming king, the 22nd Tuʻi Kanokupolu. The link with the Tuʻi Tonga, was more indirect. He was not a Tuʻi Tonga too (as that office has gone over into the Kalaniuvalu line), but his grandmother Lavinia Veiongo (wife of George Tupou II) was the great-granddaughter of Laufilitonga, the last Tuʻi Tonga, and his wife Halaevalu Mataʻaho (not to be confused with the King's wife of the same name and same family), who was the daughter of Tupou ʻAhomeʻe, who was the daughter of Lātūfuipeka, the Tamahā (sister of the Tuʻi Tonga). By consequence, the King's daughter, Pilolevu, was the first woman in Tongan culture to really have the blood of the three major Royal dynasties in her veins and become the highest-ranking person ever.

2 paʻanga coin commemorating Taufa'ahau Tupou's coronation in 1967.

The King was a keen sportsman and religious preacher in his youth. He was educated at Newington College and studied Law at Sydney University while resident at Wesley College in Sydney, Australia. He was appointed Minister of Education by Queen Sālote in 1943, Minister of Health in 1944, and in 1949, Premier. He remained a lay preacher of the Free Wesleyan Church until his death, and in some circumstances, was empowered to appoint an acting church president. In the 1970s, he was the heaviest monarch in the world, weighing in at over 200 kg (440 pounds or 31 stones). For his visits to Germany, the German Government used to commission special chairs that could support his weight. The King used to take them home, considering them as state presents. In the 1990s, he took part in a national fitness campaign, losing a third of his weight.

The King was also quite tall, standing 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m). Shoemaker Per-Enok Kero reported that "He weighed 180 kilos and had shoe size 47 in length and 52 in breadth."

He wielded great political authority and influence in Tonga's essentially aristocratic system of government, together with the country's nobles, who control 70% of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga. His involvement in an investment scandal, however, involving his appointed court jester Jesse Bogdonoff, had in his last years embroiled the King in controversy, and led to calls for greater government transparency and democratisation. In 2005, the government spent several weeks negotiating with striking civil service workers before reaching a settlement. The king's nephew, Tuʻi Pelehake (ʻUluvalu), served as mediator. A constitutional commission presented a series of recommendations for constitutional reform to the King a few weeks before his death.

Death and funeral

On 15 August 2006, Tongan Prime Minister Feleti Sevele interrupted radio and television broadcasts to announce that the King was gravely ill in the Mercy Hospital in Auckland and to ask the 104,000 people of the island chain to pray for their King, He died 26 days later, at 23:34 on 10 September 2006 (New Zealand time: it was just after midnight on 11 September in Tongan time). He was 88 and had reigned for 41 years.

Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was buried on 19 September 2006 at Malaʻe Kula (the Royal cemetery) in the Tongan capital, Nukuʻalofa. Thousands of Tongans watched the funeral and mourners included many foreign dignitaries, including Japanese Crown Prince Naruhito, New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark, Fijian Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, Vanuatu president Kalkot Mataskelekele, the American Samoan Governor Togiola Tulafono, Niue Premier Vivian Young, and the Duke of Gloucester, a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. The funeral blended Christian and ancient Polynesian burial rites. The funeral was overseen by the Royal undertaker Lauaki and his men of the Haʻatufunga (clan), also known as the nima tapu (sacred hands).[2]

According to the International Herald Tribune, "Tupou IV's 41-year reign made him one of the world's longest-serving sovereigns", after Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej; Queen Elizabeth II, as queen of Australia, Barbados, Canada, Jamaica, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, specifically; and Samoa's head of state, Malietoa Tanumafili II.

Honours

National Honours

• Tonga: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Order of Pouono (KGCCP)
• Tonga: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross Of the Order of King George Tupou I (KGCGT)
• Tonga: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Crown of Tonga (KGCCCT)
• Tonga: Sovereign Recipient of the Royal Tongan Medal of Merit (RTMM)
• Tonga: Sovereign Recipient of the Tongan Red Cross Medal (RTRCM)

Foreign Honours

• China: Grand Cross the Order of Brilliant Jade
• Denmark: Recipient of the Royal Medal of Recompense
• France: Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
• Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Special Class
• French Polynesia: Grand Cross of the Order of Tahiti Nui
• United Kingdom: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
• United Kingdom: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
• United Kingdom: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
• United Kingdom: Bailiff Grand Cross of the Venerable Order of Saint John
• United Kingdom: Recipient of the Medal of Merit of the Legion of Frontiersmen
• United Kingdom: Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal

External links

• Obituary of Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV with historical context
• Official announcement of Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV's passing away
• Website of the Tongan Monarchy
• New Zealand Herald Feature Article
• Recent Visit of HM King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV to Hong Kong
• The 1993 Silver Jubilee of Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
• Pacific Magazine: Thousands Turn Out For King's Funeral

Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV House of Tupou Born: 4 July 1918 Died: 10 September 2006
Regnal titles
Preceded by Sālote Tupou III	King of Tonga 1965–2006	Succeeded by Siaosi Tupou V