Tekna
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Total population | |
---|---|
(approx. 669,000) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Morocco - Guelmim region, Tarfaya zone Western Sahara - Saguia el-Hamra |
|
Languages | |
Hassaniyya, Shilha | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Muslim | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Berbers |
The Tekna is a Sahrawi tribal confederation of Lamta Sanhaja Berber origins[1] in today southern Morocco and northern Western Sahara, but traditionally with wider migration routes. Nowadays, its population is estimated to be around 669,000.[2]
Demographics
The Tekna tribes speak Hassaniya Arabic and the Berber Shilha dialect in varying degrees.[3]
All Tekna are Muslims, belonging to the Maliki school of Sunni Islam. Their traditional lifestyle was partly nomadic, based on camel and goat herding, and partly sedentary, controlling important routes of the Saharan caravan trade.
They are divided into several berber-speaking and Arabic-speaking tribes, organized into the two rivalling tribal confederations, or leff:[4]
- Aït Djemel confederacy (Western Tekna), consisting of the tribes of Aït Lahcen, Izerguiyen, Yaggout, and Aït Moussa Ou Ali ;
- Aït Atman (or Aït Bella) confederacy (Eastern Tekna), consisting of the tribes of Azouafit, Aït Oussa, Aït Brahim, and Aït Hmad.
History
During the 17th century, Morocco under Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif seized control over the territory from the Moulouya River south to Senegal and Timbuktu. Contingents of Tekna troops were then sent to the Senegal valley on behalf of the Sultan.[5]
After 1765 the Tekna revolted, acquiring greater autonomy.[6] On May 30, 1767, Mohammed ben Abdallah, Sultan of Morocco, signed a peace and commerce treaty with King Charles III of Spain, recognizing that Morocco did not control the Tekna tribes.[7]
However, at the time of the Spanish colonization and at the beginning of the 20th century, the Tekna tribes recognized the Sultan of Morocco as their overlord.[8][9]
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Berber, Tekna Joshuaproject.net
- ↑ Claire Cécile Mitatre, « Le couloir ouest-saharien : un espace gradué », L’Année du Maghreb, VII (2011), p.211-228
- ↑ http://www.telquel-online.com/archives/161/images/shema.pdf
- ↑ Attilo Gaudio (1993), Les populations du Sahara occidental: histoire, vie et culture, p.106
- ↑ Attilo Gaudio (1993), Les populations du Sahara occidental: histoire, vie et culture, p.107
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Histoire et géographie de l'Europe. Tekna Confederation (Tekna). Depends upon Morocco
- ↑ International Court of Justice. Advisory Opinion of 16 October 1975
Bibliography
(French) Attilo Gaudio, "Les populations du Sahara occidental: histoire, vie et culture", ed. Karthala 1993, (Chap. VIII, pp. 97–116) (ISBN 2-86537-411-4) [1]
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- "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation
- Articles using Template:Infobox ethnic group with deprecated parameters
- Articles with French-language external links
- Berbers in Western Sahara
- Ethnic groups in Africa
- Sahrawi society
- Muslim communities in Africa
- Sahrawi tribes
- Ethnic groups in Morocco
- Ethnic groups in Western Sahara
- Berbers in Morocco
- African ethnic group stubs
- Morocco stubs
- Western Sahara stubs