Ukrainian National Revival
The Ukrainian National Revival (Ukrainian: Українське національне відродження) occurred during a historical period of time when the territory of modern Ukraine after the partitions of Poland was divided between the Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century. The period took place soon after the Haidamaka Uprisings rocked lands of former Cossack Hetmanate (also known as Koliivshchyna) and in contrast was more peaceful.
It was period when the Ukrainian national resistance was almost entirely subjugated and went completely underground. All the state institutions of the Cossack Hetmanate were completely liquidated along with the cossack movement. The European territory of the Russian Empire had successfully crossed Dnieper and extended towards the Central Europe as well as reaching the shores of Black Sea.
Nonetheless, the period also is considered to be the beginning of the modern Ukrainian literature among which first were works of Ivan Kotliarevsky. Number of Ukrainian historians such as Volodymyr Doroshenko and Mykhailo Hrushevsky divided that period in three stages. The first stage stretches from the end of the 18th century to 1840s. The second stage covers period of 1840s-1850s. The third period is the second half of the 19th century.
Contents
Novhorod Siversky Patriotic Circle
Novhorod Siversky Patriotic Circle existed prior to the Patriotic war of 1812 in Novhorod-Siverskyi, Russian Empire. Its members included such personalities like Andriy Hudovych, Tymofiy Kalynsky, Ivan Khalansky, Arkhyp Khudorba, Pavlo Koropchevsky, Opanas Lobysevych (one of the leaders), Mykhailo Myklashevsky, Hryhoriy Poletyka, Andriy Rachynsky, Bishop Verlaam Shyshatsky, Fedir Tumansky, Melkhysedek Znachko-Yavorsky, H. Dolynsky, S. Shyrai, and A. Pryhara. There are speculations that the 1791 secret mission of Vasily Kapnist to Berlin was connected with that circle. The circle played a key role in revival of cossack regiments (see Ivan Kotlyarevsky).
Sts Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood
Brotherhood of Sts Cyril and Methodius consisted of 12 members. It was a short lasting underground anti-totalitarian organization of Russian Empire based in Kiev.
Hromada
A network of hromadas (Ukrainian communities) appeared soon after the liquidation of the Sts Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood and was heavily influenced by the ongoing Khlopomanstvo movement on the territory of modern Ukraine. The first such hromada appeared in the capital of Russian Empire, Saint Petersburg. Many members were editors of the Ukrainian magazine Osnova that was published in 1861-62. Among the later members of the Saint Peterburg Hromada were Volodymyr Leontovych, Petro Stebnytsky and others. The most influential hromada, however, appeared in Kiev, members of which were Volodymyr Antonovych, Mykhailo Drahomanov, Mykola Lysenko, Pavlo Chubynsky, and many others. Alternatively called the Old Hromada, Hromada of Kyiv played a key role in appearance of numerous Ukrainian political and cultural organizations in the Ukrainian guberniyas of the Russian Empire such as the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists, Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, Prosvita (Enlightment), and others. Some powerful hromadas existed in Odessa, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, Poltava and elsewhere.
See also
External links
- Doroshenko, V. Ukrainian culture in Russia. Newer times. "Circulation of the Union for liberation of Ukraine". Vienna, 1917.
- Hrytsak, Ya. Outline of the History of Ukraine: Formation of the Ukrainian modern nation.
- Ukrainian Liberation Movement. Electronic archives
- Novhorod-Siverskyi patriotic circle in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Hromadas (Hromada of Kyiv) in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
