Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
| Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 446: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| ICD-9-CM | 233.31 |
| Patient UK | Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia |
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is a condition that describes premalignant histological findings in the vagina characterized by dysplastic changes.[1]
The disorder is rare and generally has no symptoms.[2] VAIN can be detected by the presence of abnormal cells in a Papanicolaou test (Pap smear).[2]
Like cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, VAIN comes in three stages, VAIN 1, 2, and 3.[3] In VAIN 1, a third of the thickness of the cells in the vaginal skin are abnormal, while in VAIN 3, the full thickness is affected.[3] VAIN 3 is also known as carcinoma in-situ, or stage 0 vaginal cancer.[3]
Infection with certain types of the human papillomavirus ("high-risk types") may be associated with up to 80% of cases of VAIN.[4] Vaccinating girls with HPV vaccine before initial sexual contact has been shown to reduce incidence of VAIN.[5]
One study found that most cases of VAIN were located in the upper third of the vagina, and were multifocal.[6] In the same study, 65 and 10% patients with VAIN also had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, respectively.[6]
In another study, most cases of VAIN went into remission after a single treatment, but about 5% of the cases studied progressed into a more serious condition despite treatment.[7]
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cancer Research UK (2002). The stages of cancer of the vagina. CancerHelp UK. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ Cancer Research UK (2002). Risks and causes of vaginal cancer. CancerHelp UK. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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