Help:IPA for Hindi and Urdu

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindi and Urdu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Hindustani phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindi-Urdu. See Devanagari and Urdu alphabet for help converting Hindi and Urdu spelling to pronunciation.

Consonants
IPA Hindi Urdu Approximate English equivalent
b ब ب abash
bʱ भ بھ abhor
d̪[1] द د the
d̪ʱ[1] ध دھ without
ɖ[1] ड ڈ guard
ɖʱ[1] ढ ڈھ guardhouse
dʒ ज ج hedge
dʒʱ झ جھ hedgehog
f फ़ ف Phantom
ɡ ग گ agate
ɡʱ घ گھ pigheaded
h ः ح، ه head
ɦ ह ahead
j य ی yak
k क ک scan
kʰ ख کھ can
l ल ل leaf
m म م much
n न ن not
ɳ ण ن burner
ŋ ङ ن bank
p प پ span
pʰ फ پھ naphtha
(in this case, ph is not pronounced as 'f')
q क़ ق a k in the throat
(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
r र ر trilled r
ɽ ड़ ڑ US: larder
ɽʱ ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h; approximated by the US: warhead
s स ث، س، ص sue
ʂ ष ش/س worship
ʃ श ش shoe
t̪[1] त ت، ط think
t̪ʰ[1] थ تھ thought
ʈ[1] ट ٹ art
ʈʰ[1] ठ ٹھ artist
tʃ च چ catch
tʃʰ छ چھ choose
ʋ[2] व و varies between w and v
x ख़ خ Bach
(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)
ɣ ग़ غ similar to a French r
(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi).
z ज़ ذ، ز، ض، ظ zen
ʒ झ़ ژ pleasure, azure
Vowels
IPA Hindi Urdu Approximate English equivalent
aː आ, पा آ, بَا la
ɛː ऐ, पै اَے، بَے bed
eː ए, पे اے، بے Yale
ə[3] अ, प اَ، بَ strut
ɪ[4] इ, पि اِ، بِ dill
iː[4] ई, पी اِی، بِی feed
ɔː औ, पौ اَو، بَو pod
oː ओ, पो او، بو old
ʊ[4] उ, पु اُ، بُ look
uː[4] ऊ, पू اُو، بُو mood
 ̃ ँ ـں nasal vowel
([ãː, õː], etc.)
n, ɳ, ŋ, m,  ̃ ं
Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
ː doubled consonant

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

Cite error: Invalid <references> tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.

Use <references />, or <references group="..." />
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English [θ ð] (the th sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
  2. ↑ [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
  3. ↑ /ɛ/ occurs as a conditioned allophone of /ə/ in proximity of an /h/, if /h/ is surrounded on both sides by schwas. Mostly, the second schwa undergoes syncopation and the resultant is just an /ɛ/ preceding an /h/.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu&oldid=721247249"