Uyghur Latin alphabet
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
The Uyghur Latin alphabet (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر لاتىن يېزىقى, ULY: Uyghur Latin Yëziqi or ULY) is an auxiliary alphabet for the Uyghur language based on the Latin script. Uyghur is primarily written in an Arabic alphabet and sometimes in a Cyrillic alphabet.
Contents
Construction
The ULY project was finalized at Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), People's Republic of China in July 2001, at the fifth conference of a series held there for that purpose that started in November 2000. In January 2008, the ULY project was amended and identified by Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional Working Committee of Minorities' Language and Writing.[1]
The letters in the ULY are, in order:
| Capital Letter | A | E | B | P | T | J | CH | X | D | R | Z | ZH | S | SH | GH | F | Q | K | G | NG | L | M | N | H | O | U | Ö | Ü | W | Ë | I | Y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small Letter | a | e | b | p | t | j | ch | x | d | r | z | zh | s | sh | gh | f | q | k | g | ng | l | m | n | h | o | u | ö | ü | w | ë | i | y |
| IPA | ɑ, a | ɛ, æ | b | p | t | d͡ʒ | t͡ʃ | χ, x | d | r, ɾ | z | ʒ | s | ʃ | ʁ, ɣ | f, ɸ | q | k | ɡ | ŋ | l | m | n | h, ɦ | o, ɔ | u, ʊ | ø | y, ʏ | w, v | e; ɤ | i, ɪ; ɨ, ɯ | j |
Purpose
The creators of ULY strongly emphasized that “the proposed alphabet should not replace [the Persian-Arab Uyghur alphabet] nor should its introduction represent a new reform of the writing system. It is to be used solely in computer-related fields as an ancillary writing system”.[2]
Public reception
ULY had a heavy public relations presence on both the Internet and official Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region media but despite official efforts to play down the sense of a massive reform, ULY has acquired that connotation and the public seems wary of it. The importance of having one-to-one correspondence between both Latin and Arabic is noteworthy.
Comparison of orthographies
The different orthographies are compared in the following table.
| Order | Uyghur Arabic alphabet (UEY) | Uyghur Latin alphabet (ULY) | Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet (USY) | Uyghur New Script (UYY) | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | ئا | A a | А а | A a | /ɑ/ |
| 02 | ئە | E e | Ә ә | Ə ə | /ɛ/~/æ/ |
| 03 | ب | B b | Б б | B b | /b/ |
| 04 | پ | P p | П п | P p | /p/ |
| 05 | ت | T t | Т т | T t | /t/ |
| 06 | ج | J j[note 1] | Җ җ | J j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| 07 | چ | Ch ch | Ч ч | Q q | /t͡ʃ/ |
| 08 | خ | X x | Х х | H h | /χ/ |
| 09 | د | D d | Д д | D d | /d/ |
| 10 | ر | R r | Р р | R r | /r/ |
| 11 | ز | Z z | З з | Z z | /z/ |
| 12 | ژ | Zh zh[note 2] | Ж ж | Ⱬ ⱬ | /ʒ/ |
| 13 | س | S s | С с | S s | /s/ |
| 14 | ش | Sh sh | Ш ш | X x | /ʃ/ |
| 15 | غ | Gh gh | Ғ ғ | Ƣ ƣ | /ʁ/ |
| 16 | ف | F f | Ф ф | F f | /f/ |
| 17 | ق | Q q | Қ қ | Ⱪ ⱪ | /q/ |
| 18 | ك | K k | К к | K k | /k/ |
| 19 | گ | G g | Г г | G g | /ɡ/ |
| 20 | ڭ | Ng ng | Ң ң | Ng ng | /ŋ/ |
| 21 | ل | L l | Л л | L l | /l/ |
| 22 | م | M m | М м | M m | /m/ |
| 23 | ن | N n | Н н | N n | /n/ |
| 24 | ھ | H h | Һ һ | Ⱨ ⱨ | /h/ |
| 25 | ئو | O o | О о | O o | /o/ |
| 26 | ئۇ | U u | У у | U u | /u/ |
| 27 | ئۆ | Ö ö | Ө ө | Ɵ ɵ | /ø/ |
| 28 | ئۈ | Ü ü | Ү ү | Ü ü | /y/ |
| 29 | ۋ | W w | В в | W w/V v | /w/~/v/ |
| 30 | ئې | Ë ë[note 3] | Е е | E e | /e/ |
| 31 | ئى | I i | И и | I i | /i/~/ɪ/ |
| 32 | ي | Y y | Й й | Y y | /j/ |
- ↑ Before the 2008 revision, could be confounded with j used for /ʒ/, which is now only written zh.
- ↑ Before the 2008 revision, j could be used as well.
- ↑ Before the 2008 revision, É/é was used.
Text example
Below follows an example of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1) in Uyghur:
| Arabic alphabet (UEY): |
ھەممە ئادەم زاتىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا بابباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن مۇئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.
|
|---|---|
| Cyrillic alphabet (USY): | Һәммә адәм затидинла әркин, иззәт-һөрмәт вә һоқуқта баббаравәр болуп туғулған. Улар әқилғә вә виҗданға игә һәмдә бир-биригә қериндашлиқ мунасивитигә хас роһ билән муамилә қилиши керәк. |
| Former Pinyin-based alphabet (UYY): | Ⱨəmmə adəm zatidinla ərkin, izzət-ⱨɵrmət wə ⱨoⱪuⱪta babbarawər bolup tuƣulƣan. Ular əⱪilgə wə wijdanƣa igə ⱨəmdə bir-birigə ⱪerindaxliⱪ munasiwitigə has roⱨ bilən mu’amilə ⱪilixi kerək. |
| Newer Latin alphabet (ULY): | Hemme adem zatidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta babbarawer bolup tughulghan. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qërindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen muamile qilishi kërek. |
| English: | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
