Sonarpur (community development block)
| Sonarpur সোনারপুর |
|
|---|---|
| Community development block সমষ্টি উন্নয়ন ব্লক |
|
 Sonarpur
|
|
| Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| Country |  India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | South 24 Parganas |
| Parliamentary constituency | Jadavpur |
| Assembly constituency | Sonarpur Uttar, Sonarpur Dakshin |
| Area | |
| • Total | 46.58 sq mi (120.63 km2) |
| Elevation | 20 ft (6 m) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 219,863 |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5.30) |
| PIN | 743330 (Champahati) |
| Area code(s) | 033 |
| Vehicle registration | WB-19, WB-20, WB-22 |
| Literacy Rate | 79.30 per cent |
| Website | http://s24pgs.gov.in/ |
Sonarpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Baruipur subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Contents
History
Tebhaga movement
During the Bengal famine of 1943 the Communist Party of India provided relief to the peasantry of the Sundarbans area. In September 1946 Bangiya Pradeshik Kisan Sabha decided to launch the Tebhaga movement. The peasant movement broke out in Kakdwip, Sonarpur, Bhangar and Canning. Kakdwip and Namkhana were the storm centres of the movement. The movement aimed at improving the share of the peasant engaged as share croppers. The prominent leaders of the movement were: Kansari Halder, Ashoke Bose and Rash Behari Ghosh. Peasant leaders like Gajen Malik, Manik Hazra, Jatin Maity, Bijoy Mondal and others rose to prominence. The movement continued till 1950, when the Bargadari Act was enacted. The Act recognised the right of the share cropper to two-thirds of the produce when he provided the inputs.[1]
Land reforms
Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. In 1967, West Bengal witnessed a peasant uprising, against non-implementation of land reforms legislation, starting from Kheyadaha gram panchayat in Sonarpur CD Block. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal under the Left Front government. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Subsequently, “Operation Barga” was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In Sonarpur CD Block 3,020.43 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 1,245.06 acres or 41.22% of the vested land was distributed amongst the peasants. The total number of patta holders was 2,992.[2]
Geography
Location
Kheadah, a constituent panchayat of Sonarpur block, is located at Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
Sonarpur CD Block is bounded by Garia neighbourhood of Kolkata in the north, Bhangar I, Bhangar II and Canning II CD Blocks in the east, Baruipur CD Block in the south and Thakurpukur Mahestala and Bishnupur I CD Blocks in the west.[3][4]
It is located 15 km from Alipore, the district headquarters.[3]
Area and administration
Sonarpur CD Block has an area of 120.63 km2. Sonarpur police station serves this CD Block. Sonarpur panchayat samity has 11 gram panchayats. The block has 72 inhabited villages.[5]Headquarters of this block is at Rajpur
Topography
South 24 Parganas district is divided in to two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent geological period, a large low lying plain got exposed. Both tidal inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural levees and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up of the depressions containing brackish water wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is monsoon dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.[6]
Gram panchayats
Gram panchayats of Sonarpur block/panchayat samiti are: Bonhugly I, Bonhugly II, Kalikapur I, Kalikapur II, Kamrabad, Kheadah I, Kheadah II, Langalberia, Polghat, Protapnagar and Sonarpur II.[7]
Demographics
As per 2011 Census of India Sonarpur CD Block had a total population of 219,863, of which 175,713 were rural and 44,150 were urban. There were 112,238 (51%) males and 107,625 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 22,880. Scheduled Castes numbered 116,950 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 3,069.[8]
As per 2001 census, Sonarpur block had a total population of 167,348, out of which 86,012 were males and 81,336 were females. Sonarpur block registered a population growth of -41.56 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for South 24 Parganas district was 20.89 per cent.Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. Scheduled castes at 99,567 formed more than one-half the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 4,348.[5][9][10]
Census towns and large villages
Census towns in Sonarpur CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Radhanagar (6,675), Danga (6,766), Ramchandrapur (8,196), Bidyadharpur (4,630), Kalikapur (5,860), Chakberia (4,914) and Sahebpur (7,109).[8]
Large villages in Sonarpur CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Atghara (4,284), Ranabhutia (4,196), Bhagabanpur (11,177), Tardaha (4,706), Khurigochhi (6,023), Mali Puuria (5,858), Bhabanipur (4,007), Mathurapur (4,460), Joykrishnapur Chairi (6,436), Banhugli (11,103), Baruli (4,152) and Raypur (4,098).[8]
Literacy
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Sonarpur CD Block was 156,991 (79.30% of the population over 6 years) out of which 86,132 (55%) were males and 70,779 (45%) were females.[8]
As per 2011 census, literacy in South 24 Parganas district was 77.51[11] Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.[12] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[12]
As per 2001 census, Sonarpur block had a total literacy of 70.74 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 79.87 per cent female literacy was 61.07 per cent. South 24 Parganas district had a total literacy of 69.45 per cent, male literacy being 79.19 per cent and female literacy being 59.01 per cent.[5]
| Literacy in CD Blocks of South 24 Parganas district |
|---|
| Alipore Sadar subdivision |
| Bishnupur I – 78.33% |
| Bishnupur II – 81.37% |
| Budge Budge I – 80.57% |
| Budge Budge II – 79.13% |
| Thakurpukur Mahestala – 83.54% |
| Baruipur subdivision |
| Baruipur – 76.46% |
| Bhangar I – 72.06% |
| Bhangar II – 74.49% |
| Jaynagar I – 73.17% |
| Jaynagar II – 69.71% |
| Kultali – 69.37% |
| Sonarpur – 79.70% |
| Canning subdivision |
| Basanti – 68.32% |
| Canning I – 70.76% |
| Canning II – 66.51% |
| Gosaba – 78.98% |
| Diamond Harbour subdivision |
| Diamond Harbour I – 75.72% |
| Diamond Harbour II – 76.91% |
| Falta – 77.17% |
| Kulpi – 75.49% |
| Magrahat I – 73.82% |
| Magrahat II – 77.41% |
| Mandirbazar – 75.89% |
| Mathurapur I – 73.93% |
| Mathurapur II – 77.77% |
| Kakdwip subdivision |
| Kakdwip – 77.93% |
| Namkhana – 85.72 |
| Patharpratima – 82.11% |
| Sagar – 84.21% |
| Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data |
Language
Bengali is the local language in these areas.[3]
Health
Certain areas of South 24 Parganas district has been identified where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination.[13]High levels of arsenic in ground water were found in twelve blocks of the district. Water samples collected from tubewells in the affected places contained arsenic above the normal level (10 microgram a litre as specified by the World Health Organisation). The affected blocks are Baruipur, Bhangar II, Bishnupur I, Bishnupur II, Basanti, Budge Budge, Canning I, Canning II, Sonarpur, Mograhat II and Joynagar.[14]
Human Development Report
According to the South 24 Parganas district Human Development Report it is an overwhelmingly rural district with 85% of the population living in rural areas. An analysis of the district’s population shows that 33 percent of the district’s population belongs to Scheduled Castes. While 65.86% of people are Hindus, 33.24% are Muslims. 86% of the population resided in the 29 CD Blocks. In 2005, more than 4 lakh households were identified as living below poverty line, pushing the poverty ratio in the district to 34.11%, way above the state and national poverty ratios.[15]
Sonarpur CD Block has a poverty ratio of 23.86% of the households in 2005. In the north-western part of the district, Budge Budge II CD Block has a relatively high poverty ratio at 34 per cent and Sonarpur CD Block is a mediocre performer. All the other CD Blocks have poverty ratios below 20 per cent.[15]
In standard of living Sonarpur had a rank 5 amongst all the 29 blocks. In Infrastructure development it had the 3rd rank amongst all CD Blocks. In Sonarpur, 37.24% households have access to electricity. The length of surfaced roads is 2.61 km per sq km area. The number of bank branches is 0.67 per 10,000 population. In Sonarpur, 49.22% of rural households are engaged as daily/ agricultural/ other physical labour, 11.84% are culivators, 10.79% are self-emplyed rural artisans/ hawkers, 18.81% are engaged in labour oriented regular jobs in the unorganised sector, and 14.85% are engaged in the organised sector or work as professionals.[15]
As per 1991 census, while male literacy rate was 78.09% female literacy was 50.18% and there was a gender gap of 23.01% in Sonarpur. The CD Blocks are gradually catching up with the municipalities in matters of literacy. In 2006, Sonarpur had 12 secondary and higher secondary schools. All of them had library facilities but 7 of them did not have computer facilities.[15]
In 2006, in Sonarpur for 74 villages there were 23 health sub-centres and 4 rural hospital/public health centres having 47 beds with 14 medical officers, 16 nurses, 30 health assistants and 13 pharmacists and technicians. 63.4% of the 429 habitations in Sonarpur CD Block were fully covered with safe drinking water (including tube wells and tap water), 39.3% habitations were partly covered and 6.3% habitations not covered.[15]
| Poverty Ratio in CD Blocks of South 24 Parganas district |
|---|
| Percentage of Households |
| Alipore Sadar subdivision |
| Bishnupur I – 16.59% |
| Bishnupur II – 10.82% |
| Budge Budge I – 14.78% |
| Budge Budge II – 34.04% |
| Thakurpukur Mahestala – 6.44% |
| Baruipur subdivision |
| Baruipur – 26.04% |
| Bhangar I – 28.22% |
| Bhangar II – 17.20% |
| Jaynagar I – 39.57% |
| Jaynagar II – 42.60% |
| Kultali – 46.86% |
| Sonarpur – 23.36% |
| Canning subdivision |
| Basanti – 64.89% |
| Canning I – 31.05% |
| Canning II – 50.32% |
| Gosaba – 38.03% |
| Diamond Harbour subdivision |
| Diamond Harbour I – 24.27% |
| Diamond Harbour II – 27.30% |
| Falta – 21.56% |
| Kulpi – 52.64% |
| Magrahat I – 28.41% |
| Magrahat II – 29.26% |
| Mandirbazar – 29.90% |
| Mathurapur I – 34.43% |
| Mathurapur II – 39.59% |
| Kakdwip subdivision |
| Kakdwip – 34.91% |
| Namkhana – 48.17% |
| Patharpratima – 49.18% |
| Sagar – 44.46% |
| Source: 2005:Rural Household Survey District Human Development Report Chapter 3 Page 43 |
References
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