TRPM
TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (the "M" stands for "melastatin").[1] Functional TRPM channels are believed to form tetramers.[2] The TRPM family consists of eight different channels, TRPM1–TRPM8.[3]
Unlike the TRPC and TRPV sub-families, TRPM subunits do not contain N-terminal ankyrin repeat motifs but, rather, contain entire functional proteins in their C-termini. TRPM6 and TRPM7, for example, contain functional α-kinase segments, which are a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase.
Permeability and activation
The relative permeability of calcium and magnesium varies widely among TRPM channels.
- TRPM4 and TRPM5 are impermeable to calcium.
- TRPM3, TRPM6 and TRPM7 are highly permeable to both calcium and magnesium.
The mechanism of activation also varies greatly among TRPM channels.
- TRPM2 is activated by ADP-ribose Adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose and functions as a sensor of redox status in cells.[4]
- TRPM4 and TRPM5 are activated by intracellular calcium.
- TRPM8, conversely, can be activated by low temperatures, menthol, eucalyptol and icilin.[5][6]
Functions
Among the functional responsibilities of the TRPM channels are:
- regulation of calcium oscillations after T cell activation (TRPM4).[7]
- sensory transduction in taste cells (TRPM5).
- cold sensation (TRPM8)
- regulation of magnesium reabsorption in the kidneys and absorption in the intestines (TRPM6).[8]
- regulation of cell adhesion (TRPM7).[9]
Genes
References
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- TRPM Cation Channels at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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